I-Nutmeg Ingenye ye izinongo ezaziswa kakhulu nezifunwa kakhulu Ekuphekeni komhlaba, kwaziwa ngokunikeza iphunga elimnandi ne-flavour kukho kokubili izitsha ezinambithekayo nezimnandi. Kufakwe ezinhlelweni zokupheka eziyisakhiwo sodumo ezifana nesoso ye-béchamel yamacroquette, amasoso e-pasta, amazambane, i-cannelloni, ne-lasagna, futhi kumasoso adumile afana ne-carbonara, i-nutmeg nayo ijwayelekile kusitshulu, isobho, ama-omelets, amaqanda aphekiwe, nama-dessert. Naphezu kokuba yingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke ekhishini, umlando wayo uyathakazelisa njengoba udabukisa: ngemuva kwale mbewu encane kunesikhathi esedlule esigcwele izingxabano, uhambo oluhlaba umxhwele, nomthelela wezenhlalo, wezomnotho, kanye nemvelo ezimbalwa izithako eziye zaba nazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinongo, ngokuvamile, zibe abalingiswa ababalulekile emlandweni wesintu. ngenxa yezindawo zabo zokulondoloza amandla kanye nekhono labo lokunikeza ukunambitheka nephunga elimnandi ekudleni. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwabo kokupheka, izinongo ezifana ne-nutmeg zinazo izicelo zokwelapha nezimonyo ezisasebenza nanamuhla. Ingxabano ngokuhweba kwabo kwaba yimbangela ukusesha, okutholakele, izimpi kanye nezinguquko ze-geopolitical eyaguqula imephu yomhlaba.
Ungathanda ukufunda ngohambo oluhehayo lwe-nutmeg kusuka eziqhingini ezikude ze-Spice kuya ekhishini lakho? Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo oluya enhliziyweni yomlando ocwile ezimfihlakalweni, emandleni, nasekunambithekeni.
Yini i-nutmeg?
I-Nutmeg ivela esihlahleni se-Myristica fragrans, isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esingafinyelela kumamitha angu-20 ukuphakama, esomndeni wakwa I-Myristicaceae. Ekuqaleni kusukela Iziqhingi zaseMoluccas —ezaziwa nangokuthi “i-Spice Islands”—e-Indonesia, lesi sihlahla besibhekwa njengengcebo yangempela yezitshalo amakhulu eminyaka.
Isithelo se-Myristica fragrans Inomumo we-ovoid nombala wekhilimu. Lapho isivuthiwe, i-pulp yayo ivuleka futhi iveze imbewu ngaphakathi ezungezwe ungqimba olubomvu, olunenyama olubizwa ngokuthi. maceLesi sitshalo esimangalisayo siyahlukaniswa futhi somiswe, sibe yisipayisi esiyigugu kakhulu, esinokunambitheka okusawolintshi kanye nobumnandi obuncane kune-nutmeg ngokwayo. Ngakho, kusuka enatini elilodwa, umuntu uthola izinongo ezimbili ezahlukene: nutmeg kanye mace.
I-Nutmeg kanjalo ayisona isithelo esiphelele, kodwa kunalokho i-endosperm yembewu. Imbewu ivamise ukuba ngu-20-30 mm ubude no-15-18 mm ububanzi, inokwakheka okuqinile, okunuka kamnandi. I-Mace yona inika izitsha umbala osawolintshi futhi idume kakhulu ekuphekeni okumibalabala.
Zombili izinongo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni, kodwa futhi ziyakhishwa amafutha abalulekile y ibhotela le-nutmegAmafutha abalulekile asetshenziswa ezimbonini zokudla, iziqholo, izimonyo, nezimboni zemithi. Ibhotela elibomvu ngokubomvu licebile ku-trimyristin futhi linezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, kusukela ekudleni kuya ezintweni zokugcoba.
La I-Myristica iphunga elimnandi Akuyona yodwa inhlobo yohlobo lwayo olusetshenziswa njengesinongo. Ezinye izihlahla ezifana I-Myristica argentea (Intongomane yasePapuan, yaseNew Guinea) kanye I-Myristica malabarica (I-Bombay nut, evela eNdiya) isetshenziswa njengezinye esikhundleni, nakuba ebaluleke kakhulu kuseyinhlobonhlobo yaseziQhingini zaseMoluccas.
Ukukhulisa isihlahla se-nutmeg kudinga isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama, inhlabathi evundile enamanzi amahle. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla: izithelo ezivuthiwe zivunwa ngezinti ezinde futhi ziyekwa ukuze zome amasonto ngaphambi kokuba zigaywe zibe izinongo kanye nokuphuma kwazo.
Ukubaluleka komlando wezinongo namakinati
Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, izinongo ezifana ne-nutmeg zazikhona injini yomnotho womhlaba kanye nomthombo wohambo, imifelandawonye, izimpi, nokubulalana kwabantu. Inani lawo eliphakeme liwaguqule abe yimali kanye nophawu lokunethezeka. AmaRoma ayezisebenzisa njengeziqholo nempepho, kuyilapho ama-Arabhu elawula uhwebo lwawo, ewahambisa emigwaqweni yasolwandle esuka eziQhingini zaseMoluccas eya eYurophu.
Ukulawulwa kwe-nutmeg nezinye izinongo kwakufiswa kangangokuthi kwaholela izingxabano zamakholoni kanye nokunyakaza okukhulu kwabantu. Ngenxa yeSilk Road, abantu baseVenetians andisa ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi benza ingcebo enkulu. Intengo ye-nutmeg yake yadlula eyegolide, futhi abantu abacebile kuphela ababekwazi ukuyithenga.
Imibuso yaseYurophu—iSpain, iPortugal, iNgilandi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, iHolland—yahileleka emzabalazweni onzima wokulawula iSpice Islands nezilimo zazo ezaziyigugu. Le ntshiseko yokuncintisana yaba nemiphumela elimazayo kubantu bendawo, ikakhulukazi eziQhingini ZaseBanda, lapho ukubusa kwamaDashi kwaqothula iningi lezakhamuzi.
Indaba ye-nutmeg ikhombisa ukuthi imithombo yemvelo ingashintsha kanjani isiphetho sabo bonke abantu nokuthi ibe negalelo kanjani ekuthuthukisweni konxiwankulu kanye nezinhlelo zanamuhla zokuhwebelana emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukusetshenziswa komlando namasiko kwe-nutmeg
- eRoma: Kunenkolelo yokuthi abapristi bamaRoma babeshisa amantongomane njengempepho. Nakuba inkolelo-mbono iphikiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okunephunga elimnandi nokuphulukisa kwakuhlotshaniswa nempilo enhle nengokomoya.
- Iminyaka ephakathi: I-Nutmeg yaba uphawu lokuhlonishwa namandla. Izindela nodokotela bangeNkathi Ephakathi babeyisebenzisa ukuze benze izinongo zokudla, futhi kwakukholelwa ukuthi iyasiza vikela esifweni, yingakho yayidumile futhi ibiza.
- I-Arabia ne-Venice: Ama-Arabhu ayelawula ukuhweba ngamantongomane ngaphesheya koLwandle Olubomvu naseMedithera, futhi abaseVenice baliyisa eYurophu ngoSilk Road, okwenza amadolobha anjengeVenice ingcebo enkulu.
- I-España y Portugal: Ukuncintisana kokulawula imizila yezinongo kwaholela ezivumelwaneni ezingokomlando nohambo olukhuthazayo olufana nolukaChristopher Columbus, lokufuna imizila emisha eya e-Indies. Ukusayinwa kweSivumelwano SaseTordesillas kanye nezivumelwano noSultan waseTernate kubonisa ubukhulu balo mthelela walesi sinongo emlandweni womhlaba.
- E-Holland: AmaDashi, nezinhlelo zawo ezintsha zokuzulazula, alawula ukuhweba ngamantongomane futhi asungula ukubusa okuchitha igazi eziqhingini zaseBanda, exosha futhi eqothula abantu bendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amalungelo akhethekile okukhiqiza nokuthekelisa.
Iqiniso elishaqisayo yilelo Idlanzana le-nutmeg ngezikhathi ezithile zomlando lingabiza inani lendlu noma umkhumbi. EYurophu, yabhekwa njengokunethezeka okwaletha ukuzimela ngokwezimali kulabo ababenayo ngobuningi.
Ukunwetshwa komhlaba wonke kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamanje
Namuhla i-nutmeg itshalwa kakhulu I-Indonesia neGrenada, ehola ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, nakuba ikhona naseNdiya, eMalaysia, ePapua New Guinea, eSri Lanka, naseziqhingini eziningana zaseCaribbean. Isidingo somhlaba wonke sihlala siphezulu, ngokukhiqizwa konyaka phakathi kwe-10.000 kanye ne-12.000 amathani we-nutmeg kanye ne-1.500 kuya ku-2.000 amathani we-mace.
Izimakethe ezinkulu ezithumela kwamanye amazwe yi-Europe, United States, Japan kanye ne-India, ngaphezu kwezikhungo ezinkulu zokuthekelisa kabusha njenge I-Singapore neNetherlandsLesi sihlahla sikhiqiza isivuno saso sokuqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7 neyi-9 ngemuva kokutshala futhi sifinyelela isivuno esikhulu lapho sineminyaka engama-20 ubudala, siqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okungaguquki amashumi eminyaka.
Ukwanda kwezohwebo kwasho ukuthi i-nutmeg yasuka ekubeni isithako esingavamile futhi esicishe singafinyeleli ekubeni yingxenye yezincwadi ezijwayelekile zamaresiphi zamazwe amaningi, ikakhulukazi ezitsheni zase-Europe ezifana ne-Dutch, Bavarian, Italian, French, kanye ne-Indian cuisine, lapho ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-curries namaswidi.
Ukusetshenziswa kweCulinary kanye nezicelo zesimanje ze-nutmeg
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-nutmeg kuhlala kunje i-condiment ene-flavour nephunga elimnandi. Ihlanganiswe, igayiwe noma ibe yimpushana, ibe:
- Ukudla okunomsoco: Amasoso (i-béchamel, i-carbonara), isitshulu, amasobho, imidumba, ama-omelets, amaqanda aphehliwe, inyama, inhlanzi nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-pasta.
- Ikhishi elimnandi: Amakhekhe, amakhukhi, amakhekhe, ama-custards, amaflani, kanye nesinongo seziphuzo ezishisayo ezifana noshokoledi nekhofi.
- Amakhekhe aphesheya: Ibalulekile kumasoseji e-Bavarian (Weißwurst), imiksi ye-curry, ne-Indian garam masala.
- Ukudla kwasezimbonini neziphuzo: Ingenye yezithako eziyimfihlo eresiphi ye-Coca-Cola, futhi ikhona kuma-syrups, ama-liqueurs, nemikhiqizo yemithi.
- Ama-Cocktail: Muva nje, isetshenziselwa ngisho kuma-cocktails, njengeCuba Libre yakudala.
Ukuze usebenzise kakhulu iphunga layo, kungcono ukuthenga i-nati yonke futhi yigeze ngaphambi nje kokusetshenziswaAmafutha ayo abalulekile aguquguquka ngokushesha, futhi ukunambitheka okusha kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha kanye nezicelo zendabuko
I-Nutmeg yaziswa ngayo izakhiwo zokwelapha Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, iwumthombo wamavithamini (A, B, no-C), i-folate, i-riboflavin, i-niacin, namaminerali anjenge-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, insimbi ne-potassium.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugaya: Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugaya, ukulwa ne-flatulence kanye nokukhulula ubuhlungu besisu.
- Isenzo se-antibacterial kanye ne-anti-inflammatory: Isiza ekwelapheni izinkinga zomlomo, izinkinga zezinsini kanye nezifo ezincane.
- Imiphumela yokudambisa nokuphumuza: Emithini yendabuko yayisetshenziselwa infusions ukuthulisa imizwa, ukuphumula imisipha futhi lula ukulala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko: Amafutha abalulekile, axutshwe noju noma ezinye izithako, asetshenziswa kumaski obuso, njenge-exfoliant yemvelo, nokwelapha i-rheumatic noma amazinyo.
- Ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusesilinganisweni kukhuthaza ukujikeleza futhi kuqinisa isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphenywa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-nutmeg njengekhambi. izinambuzane zemvelo, ukusebenzisa amafutha ayo abalulekile ukuze kugcinwe okusanhlamvu okugciniwe ezinambuzaneni.
Izingozi, ama-contraindication kanye nobuthi be-nutmeg
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nutmeg kufanele kube okumaphakathi., ngoba ngemithamo ephezulu ingaba yingozi. Obhekene nale miphumela yi- i-myristicin, inhlanganisela eguquguqukayo ekhona emafutheni ayo abalulekile futhi ihlukaniswa njenge-narcotic. Uma umthamo onconyiwe weqiwe (ngaphezu kwamagremu angu-6 ngosuku kubantu abadala), imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingase ibe khona.
- Imiphumela engemihle: Ukozela, isiyezi, ukudideka, umlomo owomile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba elikhulayo.
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezinobuthi: Ama-hallucinations, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuquleka, ubuhlungu obujwayelekile, ngisho neziqephu ze-psychotic.
- Ubungozi bamaqembu asengozini: Ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, ubuthi bungenzeka ngisho nangemithamo ephansi futhi bungabulala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko njenge-abortifacient: Esikhathini esidlule, ibisetshenziselwa ukukhipha isisu emasikweni athile, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe futhi izingozi zezempilo zidlula izinzuzo zayo.
Ukusetshenziswa okungapheli noma ngokweqile kungabangela ukulimala kwesibindi, izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, Kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise njalo ngamanani amancane futhi ugweme ukusetshenziswa ezimeni zokukhulelwa noma zesibindi.
I-Curiosities kanye ne-etymology ye-nutmeg
Igama Myristica Ivela kwelesiGrikhi sasendulo elithi "myristikós", okusho ukuthi "iphunga elimnandi, elifanele ukugcoba", ngokubhekisela ephunga lesici kanye nezindawo ezinuka kamnandi zezithelo zayo.
I-Nutmeg ibhekwa "njengegolide lezinongo." Ezimakethe zasendulo, inani layo laliphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuba nalo kwakuwuphawu lwesikhundla nengcebo, kangangokuthi Kwakungenzeka ukuthenga indlu noma isikebhe esinesandla esilula samantongomane kanye nesakhe.
Ngaphezu kwegama leSpanishi elithi "nuez moscada", laziwa emazweni ngamazwe ngokuthi "Nutmeg" (isiNgisi), "Muskatnuss" (isiJalimane), "Noix de muscade" (isiFulentshi), "Nootmuskaat" (Dutch), "Noce moscata" (isiNtaliyane), "Muskot" (isiSwidi) kanye "noPala" (isi-Indonesian).
Ilukuluku elimangalisayo ubukhona be-nutmeg embonini yesimanje yokudla neyemithi: isetshenziswa ekuxubeni amazinyo, kuma-syrups okukhwehlela, iziqholo, nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinephunga elimnandi ne-antibacterial.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamanje emhlabeni jikelele kusaholwa yi-Indonesia neGrenada, futhi nakuba i-nutmeg ingaseyona isinongo esibiza kakhulu, isidingo sayo kanye nenani lamasiko lihlala liphezulu kakhulu. E-Dutch cuisine, isibonelo, kubalulekile futhi enye yezithako zendabuko kakhulu.
Kuwo wonke umlando, i-nutmeg imele okungaphezu kwe-condiment elula: ibe uphawu lwamandla, ingcebo, ukushintshana kwamasiko, futhi, ngokudabukisayo, futhi nobudlova bamakholoni nokucindezelwa. Uhambo lwayo olusuka emahlathini ashisayo aseMoluccas luya ezindlini emhlabeni wonke luwubufakazi bomthelela umthombo wemvelo ongaba nawo ekuthuthukisweni kwempucuko, umnotho womhlaba, kanye nobudlelwano bamandla.