I-Land Art, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuciko bomhlaba o ubuciko bomhlaba, umnyakazo wezobuciko wesimanje oguqula indawo yemvelo ibe yisiteji, i-medium, kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe zokudala. Lokhu kuziphatha kudlula ukuqoshwa kwendabuko noma ukudweba, ukuphakamisa ukungenelela kobuciko okushintsha futhi kuhlanganyele nendawo ezungezile, kusetshenziswa izinto zemvelo ezifana nomhlaba, amatshe, amagatsha, amanzi, isihlabathi, ngisho nezimo ezifana nomoya noma amagagasi. Ukungenelela ngakunye kuhlukile futhi kuxhumene ngokujulile nesikhala nesikhathi okwenzeka ngaso.
Kusukela yaba khona, iLand Art isebenze njengebhuloho phakathi kwabantu nemvelo, ikhombisa amandla ethu okuguqula imvelo kanye nesidingo sokuqonda nokuhlonipha imijikelezo yokuphila namandla emvelo. Ifilosofi yayo ayihlanganisi nje kuphela ukwakhiwa kwamafomu kodwa futhi nokucabangisisa ngomthelela, isikhashana, imvelo, nobudlelwano phakathi kobuciko, umphakathi, kanye nemvelo.
Iyini i-Land Art futhi yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko?
I-Land Art ichazwa njengokubonakaliswa kobuciko okusebenzisa isimo sezwe njengokweseka kanye nempahla yomsebenzi. Ngokungafani nobuciko obuvamile obuvezwa kumamnyuziyamu noma kumagalari, I-Land Art ithuthuka ngokuphelele kwemvelo noma, ngezinye izikhathi, izilungiselelo zasemadolobheni, ikhiqize ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kobuciko nemvelo.
- Izinto zemvelo nezendawo: Imisebenzi idalwe ngokuyinhloko ngezakhi ezitholakala endaweni: amatshe, izinkuni, umhlaba, amaqabunga, amanzi, iqhwa, izimbali, amagatsha, imbewu, isihlabathi, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto zokwenziwa zengezwa njengokuphambene, kodwa izinto zemvelo zihlala zihamba phambili.
- I-Ephemeral futhi iyaguquguquka: Imisebenzi eminingi yoBuciko boMhlaba ingeyesikhashana futhi isengozini yokuguguleka, izinkathi zonyaka, noma imithelela yesimo sezulu, okuyenza ishintshe, iguquke, noma inyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le mvelo yesikhashana igqamisa umjikelezo wempilo, ukuguquka, kanye nokungagwemeki kwemvelo.
- Ukuguqulwa kokwakheka kwezwe: Umgomo we-Land Art ukungenelela emvelweni, ukuguqula isimo sezwe ukuze kwakheke umuzwa wokuzwa nokuzwela kombukeli. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungaba kuncane noma kube yisikhumbuzo, kodwa kuhlale kudinga inkhulumomphendvulwano nendawo ezungezile.
- Idokhumenti ebonakalayo njengefa: Uma kubhekwa ubufushane bemisebenzi eminingi, ukuthwebula izithombe, amavidiyo, amamephu, nezinhlelo kuthatha ukubaluleka okumangalisayo. Ngaphandle komsebenzi womzimba, inqubo, umbono, kanye nokuqoshwa kokungenelela kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-Land Art.
- Umuzwa nokuzindla: Ubuciko bezwe buhilela okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene kanye nesimemo sokuzindla ngendawo ezungezile, ukuhamba kwesikhathi, ibhalansi yemvelo, nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, ubuciko, kanye neplanethi.
Ezimweni eziningi, i- isibukeli sishiya indima yakhe yokungenzi lutho futhi iba yingxenye esebenzayo yomsebenzi, inyakaza kuwo wonke umzimba, iwubheke ngama-engeli ahlukene futhi ibone imibono ehlukene kanye nobudlelwano bendawo nendawo ezungezile.
Umsuka nomlando we-Land Art: ukuthi yavela kanjani nokuthi kungani yashintsha ubuciko besimanje.
Ukunyuka kwe Ubuciko bomhlaba Kuxhunyaniswe nokuvela kobuciko obubonakalayo besimanje kanye nokukhula kobuciko bomqondo kanye ne-minimalism. Le nhlangano yazalelwa e-United States ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1960, iqhutshwa yiqembu lamaciko okwathi, lalingagculisekile ngemingcele evamile yamagalari namamnyuziyamu, lafuna izindlela ezintsha zokukhuluma nokuxhumana nendawo ezizungezile. Ugwadule oluwudedangendlale kanye nobubanzi bemvelo baseNtshonalanga YaseMelika bunikeze indawo ekahle yalolu hlobo lokuhlola okukhulu kobuciko.
Imibukiso yokuphayona ihlanganisa "i-Earthworks" eNew York kanye ne-"Earth Art" e-Cornell University, ehlanganisa abaculi ababalulekile abafana URobert Smithson, UMichael Heizer, Walter De Maria, Nancy Holt y Richard LongUmthelela wokuqwashisa ngemvelo, ukugxekwa kokuthengwa kwezinto kanye nokudayiswa kobuciko, kanye nesifiso sokubuyisela ubuciko ezindaweni zomphakathi nezemvelo kwakha ifilosofi yale nhlangano.
- Ingxoxo phakathi kobuciko nemvelo: I-Land art iwubuciko obuhlangana, obuxube, noma kwesinye isikhathi obuqhathaniseka nendawo eyizungezile. Iciko liyafunda, lihlole, futhi lixhumane nesimo ngaphambi kokungenelela, lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi ngokwawo uyalondoloza futhi udlulise lokhu kusebenzisana.
- Ukuguqulwa kokwakheka kwezwe: Umsebenzi ungabandakanya noma yini kusukela ekungeneleleni okuncane (imibuthano yamatshe, izinyathelo eqhweni, imidwebo enamaqabunga) kuya ekufakweni kwe-mega okushintsha indawo yesayithi (imisebenzi yomhlaba, ukumba, izakhiwo zesikhumbuzo, njll.).
- Isixhumanisi ne-ecology kanye nokusimama: Ubuciko bomhlaba yisandulela sokuzindla ngomkhondo wemvelo, umthelela wemvelo, nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokongiwa. Eminye imisebenzi isebenze ukugxeka noma ukuqwashisa ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokubaluleka kwemvelo.
Namuhla, I-Land Art iye yahlukahluka futhi yahlanganiswa nembulunga yonke, ifinyelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo namazwekazi, kusukela emasimini nasemabhishi kuya emahlathini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, futhi iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza amaciko, izikole namaqoqo angochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela.
Izinto zokwakha kanye namasu obuciko bomhlaba: ubuciko, ukugaywa kabusha, nokuxhumana nemvelo
La izinto ezahlukahlukene Ibanga lemidiya elisetshenziswa ku-Land Art libanzi njengokwehlukahlukana kwemvelo ngokwayo. Izingcezu zingakhiwa ngokukhethekile izakhi zemvelo eziqoqwe endaweni yokungenelela, noma zihlanganise izinto zokwenziwa ukuze kudalwe ukugqama okubonakalayo nomqondo.
- Umhlaba netshe: Isetshenziselwa ukudala izimo, ama-reliefs, ama-spirals, imibuthano, izindunduma, imigqa, izindonga, izinto zomhlaba noma izakhiwo ezinkulu.
- Ukhuni namagatsha: Iziqu, amagatsha, amagxolo nezimpande kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izithombe eziqoshiwe, ama-labyrinths, izindawo zokukhosela, imifanekiso, nezakhiwo phakathi kwezihlahla noma ezindaweni ezivulekile.
- Amanzi, iqhwa neqhwa: Izinto eziwuketshezi noma eziqinile ezikuvumela ukuthi udlale ngokuboniswa, okubonisa ngale, ukuvuza, umzila, ukunqwabelana, noma ukuguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Amaqabunga, izimbali kanye nembewu: Ukuze udale ama-mosaic, ama-tapestries emvelo, ama-gradients ombala, izindlela, noma ukufakwa okucashile kanye ne-ephemeral.
- Isihlabathi namatshe: Ilungele imidwebo, amaphethini, amamaki, imibuthano noma ama-spiral endaweni eyisicaba, njengamabhishi noma izingwadule.
- Ezinye izinto: Amanye amaciko athula izinto ezenziwe abantu (izindwangu, izintambo, izibani, izinto ezigaywe kabusha, njll.) ukuze kuqinise umehluko phakathi kwemvelo nempucuko, noma ukunikeza umsebenzi ukusebenza, njengokuheha umbani noma ukuthwebula amanzi.
La amasu Kuncike enjongweni, esikalini, nasesikhathini esifiswayo: kusukela ekufakweni okukhanyayo, okungapheli okunyamalala ngemva kwamahora ambalwa kuya ekungeneleleni okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlala isikhathi eside okudinga imishini esindayo. Kunoma yikuphi, i-Land Art ikhuthaza inhlonipho ngendawo ezungezile, ubuciko, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto, okugqugquzela ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane ku-ecosystem.
I-Great Land Art Works Nabaculi: Izibonelo Eziyisithonjana kanye Nogqozi Lomhlaba Wonke
Kuwo wonke umlando weLand Art, eminingi imisebenzi eyisikhumbuzo nabaculi abanombono baye bashiya uphawu lwabo emlandweni wobuciko kanye nomcabango ohlangene. Amanye amagama aziwa kakhulu yilawa:
- URobert SmithsonI-"Spiral Jetty" yakhe igqamile, inqwaba yamatshe azungeza umhlaba ongenela e-Great Salt Lake. Kuyisibonelo esimangalisayo sokuthi i-Land Art iguqula kanjani indawo ebonakalayo kanye nombono wendawo ezungezile.
- UMichael Heizer: Waziwa ngemisebenzi efana nethi "Double Negative" e-Nevada, lapho athuthela khona amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamathani omhlaba nedwala ukuze adale umsele omkhulu ogwadule, kanye "NeMisa Ekhishiwe/Ebuyiselwe esikhundleni," kokubili kusekelwe ekukhumbuleni nasekungabi nalutho.
- Walter De Maria: Umsebenzi wakhe othi “The Lightning Field” uwukufaka kwezigxobo zensimbi ezingu-400 ezisakazwa endaweni enkulu yasogwadule lwaseNew Mexico, eziklanyelwe ukudonsela ukunaka ezivunguvungwini zombani namandla emvelo.
- UChristo noJeanne-Claude: Idume ngokungenelela okukhulu, okufana nokuthi "Iziqhingi Ezizungezile" e-Miami, lapho besonge khona iziqhingi ngendwangu ephinki entantayo, kanye "namaGates" e-Central Park, ukufakwa kwezinkulungwane zamafreyimu anezindwangu eziwolintshi ezinqamula ipaki.
- Richard Long: Iphayona le-ephemeral Land Art, waziwa ngokuhamba kwakhe nemigqa eyenziwe endaweni esebenzisa amatshe, udaka, noma izinyathelo zakhe, njengokuthi "Umugqa Owenziwe Ngokuhamba."
- Nancy Holt“Ngemihubhe Yelanga,” imigudu emine eqondaniswe ogwadule lwase-Utah ebeka ilanga ngesikhathi se-solstices ne-equinox, u-Holt udlala nobudlelwano phakathi kokukhanya, isikhathi, nemvelo.
- U-Andy Goldsworthy: Umdali wemisebenzi yezinkondlo neyendalo equkethe amaqabunga, iqhwa, amatshe, amagatsha nezimbali. Izingcezu zakhe ezihlala isikhathi eside zigqamisa inqubo nokudlula kwemvelo.
- UJon ForemanUmculi wase-Wales owaziwa ngamaphethini akhe wejiyomethri wamatshe nemibala emabhishi nasezilungiselelweni zemvelo, enza imisebenzi esukela kumamitha ambalwa ukuya kuma-tapestries amakhulu we-ephemeral.
- Andrés Amador: Umdwebi we-landscape waseMelika owenza imidwebo emikhulu esihlabathini emabhishi, esebenzisa i-tide ephansi kanye nemvelo edlulayo yesikhashana.
- John GradeNge-"Reservoir" epaki lase-Italy i-Arte Sella, iBanga lidale inethiwekhi elengayo yezinkulungwane zamaconsi epulasitiki agcwala amanzi futhi ashintshe isimo kuye ngemvula kanye nomswakama.
- Gunilla Bandolin: Ugqama ngemisebenzi efana nethi "Impression of the Sky," i-ellipse enopende omhlophe eguqulelwe ku-orography esimema ukuthi sizindle ngesikhala nokungabi nalutho.
Lawa kanye namanye amaciko avule indlela ye-Land Art, okukhombisa ukuthi ukucabanga kanye nokuhlonipha imvelo kungaholela ekudaleni okukhumbulekayo nokuletha uguquko.
I-Land Art in Spain: Iminyuziyamu evulekile, abaculi, namaphrojekthi afakiwe
ISpain ikwenzile amaphrojekthi obuciko bomhlaba afanelekile kanye nezindawo ezinikezelwe kwezobuciko nemvelo ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe. Ezinye eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi:
- I-NMAC Foundation (Vejer de la Frontera, Cádiz): Imyuziyamu evulekile enemisebenzi eqondene nesayithi ngamaciko adumile afana no-Maurizio Cattelan, uMarina Abramovic, uJames Turrell, uSusana Solano, noCristina Lucas.
- I-Cerro Gallinero Art and Nature Center (Hoyocasero, Ávila): Iphrojekthi e-Sierra de Gredos yokudala ukungenelela kobuciko okuxoxisana nokwakheka kwentaba.
- I-CACiS I-Calç Fork (Barcelona): Centre for Contemporary Art and Sustainability, umgqugquzeli wezindawo zokuhlala nemisebenzi ye-Land Art.
- Valdelarte (Sierra de Aracena, Huelva): Indawo yemvelo igxile kubuciko bemvelo kanye nemikhuba yobuciko eqhubekayo.
- I-CDAN Beulas Foundation (Huesca): Kunikezelwe ekusabalaliseni nasekuhloleni ubudlelwano bobuciko nemvelo (okwamanje buvaliwe ngaleyo njongo).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaculi Spanish ezifana Nacho Arantegui y UDavid Plaza Sagrado Bagqama ekungeneleleni kwabo ngokwemvelo, okuvamise ukubandakanya umphakathi kanye nokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kanye nokuzindla ngokugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsiza.
Imikhosi Yobuciko Bezwe Nezikhala Emhlabeni Wonke
I-Land Art iye yanda emazweni ngamazwe, futhi ikhona imikhosi nemizila eYurophu nakwamanye amazwekazi azinikele kulolu hlobo lobuciko:
- I-Vig'Art (Champagne, France): Ifestivali yaminyaka yonke yobuciko besimanje neyezwe ezivinini, ehlanganisa abaculi bamazwe ngamazwe nemisebenzi yezivakashi.
- I-Horizons Arts-Nature in Sancy (France): Umcimbi lapho amaciko enza khona imisebenzi esebenzisana nezwe lesifunda lentaba-mlilo.
- Art Seal (Trentino, Italy): Iphrojekthi ehlala njalo ebamba izithombe eziqoshiwe nemizila yobuciko ehlathini, efinyeleleka unyaka wonke kanye nendawo eyinkomba ye-European Land Art.
- I-Land Art Biel Bienne (Switzerland): Indawo yokuhlola kanye nombukiso wemisebenzi yesimanje Yobuciko Bomhlaba.
- I-Andorra Land Art (Andorra): Iminyaka emibili yamazwe ngamazwe imema abaculi abavela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bangenelele endaweni yemvelo.
Le mikhosi ayibonisi nje kuphela imisebenzi eqediwe, kodwa futhi inikeza imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi, izinkambo eziqondisiwe, nokuxhumana okuqondile namaciko, ihlinzeka ngezandla, isipiliyoni sokuhlanganyela.
Indlela Yokwenza I-Land Art: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokuzenzela Okwakho
Ubuciko bezwe bufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu futhi bungenziwa emvelweni, izingadi, amapaki, noma ngisho nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Awudingi ukuba yiciko elikhokhelwayo; udinga nje ukuba nelukuluku, uhloniphe indawo ezungezile, futhi uzimisele ukuzama. Nansi indlela yokudala ubuciko bakho bezwe:
- Khetha indawo efanele: Thola indawo yemvelo ephephile, engaphazanyiswa. Lokhu kungaba ihlathi, ulwandle, ipaki, ingadi, nanoma iyiphi indawo ongahamba kuyo futhi uqoqe izinto ngaphandle kokulimaza i-ecosystem.
- Qaphela futhi uxoxisane nemvelo: Hamba uzungeze, bheka indlela yokwenza, izimo, imibala, kanye nezakhi ezitholakalayo. Cabanga ngokuthi iyiphi indaba ofuna ukuyixoxa noma imuphi umuzwa ofuna ukuwuvusa.
- Qoqa izinto: Qoqa amatshe, amagatsha, amaqabunga, izimbali, inhlabathi, noma isihlabathi ngendlela efanele. Gwema ukusiphula izitshalo eziphilayo noma ukulimaza izilwane, futhi ugcine imithetho yendawo yokuvikela imvelo.
- Dizayina ukungenelela kwakho: Cabanga ngomumo, iphethini, noma ivolumu ozoyidala. Ungathola ugqozi emisebenzini yakudala noma uvumele ubuhlakani bakho bukuqondise.
- Yakha umsebenzi: Hlanganisa, beka, hlela, noma udwebe ngezinto zokwakha. Linga ngokulinganisa, ukuphindaphinda, imigqa, imibuthano, ukugqama kwemibala, nokuqinile nama-voids. Dlala ngesikhala nesikhathi: umsebenzi wakho uzobukeka kanjani lapho kuhwalala, lina, noma uma isilwane siyivakashela?
- Bhala inqubo: Thatha izithombe, amavidiyo, noma imidwebo yomsebenzi wakho. Ukurekhoda okubukwayo kuyingxenye ye-Land Art futhi kukuvumela ukuthi wabelane nabanye ngalokho okwenzekile.
- Zindla futhi wabelane: Linganisa ukuthi ukungenelela kwakho kusebenzisana kanjani nesikhala nokuthi yini eshintshile ekuboneni kwakho imvelo. Ungaveza izithombe, ubhale mayelana nolwazi, noma umeme abanye ukuthi babambe iqhaza.
Khumbula lokho inhlonipho nokunakekela imvelo Kubalulekile. Shiya indawo efanayo noma engcono kunaleyo oyitholile futhi ugweme ukumosha noma imithelela engemihle.
I-Land Art in Education and Personal Development: Ukusungula kanye Nokuqwashisa Ngemvelo
I-Land Art iyithuluzi lokufundisa eliyingqayizivele, elisetshenziswa ezikoleni, kuma-workshops kanye nemisebenzi yomndeni:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko: Ikuvumela ukuthi uzame ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo, uphumele ngaphandle kwekilasi lendabuko, futhi ukhuthaze ukusungula izinto.
- Ukuxhumana nemvelo: Ikhuthaza inhlonipho, ukubhekwa kanye nokwazisa imvelo.
- Ukusebenzisana: Ukungenelela okuningi kwenziwa ngamaqembu, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana, ukuxhumana nokuxazulula izinkinga.
- Ukuqwashisa ngemvelo: Ifundisa ngokusimama, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nomthelela wezenzo zabantu endaweni ezungezile.
Ngalo mqondo, izikhungo zemfundo, izinhlangano, kanye nezimnyuziyamu zenza ubuciko bomhlaba njengengxenye yamaphrojekthi azo wokuhlanganisa ezobuciko, ezemvelo kanye nezenhlalo.
Amaphrojekthi Wobuciko Bomhlaba kanye Nezibonelo Zabafundi Nemisebenzi Yomndeni
Ubuciko bezwe kuwumsebenzi ofanele yonke iminyaka. Nazi izibonelo neziphakamiso:
- Imibuthano yamatshe: Yakha imibuthano egxile noma okuvunguzayo ngamatshe anobukhulu obuhlukene nemibala.
- I-mandala yemvelo: Sebenzisa amaqabunga, izimbali, imbewu, namagatsha ukwakha amaphethini ayindilinga phansi.
- Ama-maze egatsha: Dweba indlela emazombezombe usebenzisa amagatsha futhi uhlole ukuthi isikhala sibonwa kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-maze.
- Imifanekiso yesihlabathi: Sebenzisa usebe lolwandle ukulandelela imidwebo emikhulu, amaphethini noma izindunduma ezinyamalala ngokuhamba kwamanzi.
- Imikhondo eqhweni: Shiya imilobo yezinyawo, imigqa noma izibalo endaweni eneqhwa.
- Ukufakwa okulengayo: Lengisa amaqabunga, izimpaphe, noma amatshe angasindi emagatsheni ukuze kwakheke amaselula ahamba emoyeni.
Le misebenzi ingabhalwa ngezithombe futhi yethulwe emibukisweni yesikole, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma emibukisweni yomphakathi, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwakho kokubili inqubo kanye nomphumela.
Ubuciko bezwe buyaqhubeka nokwandisa imingcele yabo kanye nemibono enselele. Ikhono layo lokuhlanganisa ubuciko, imvelo, kanye nomlayezo wemvelo, kanye namathuba ayo okudala angapheli, kuyenza ibe umnyakazo obalulekile wokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi nendawo ezungezile. Ukuzijwayeza ubuciko bezwe akushintshi nje kuphela isimo sezwe, kodwa futhi kuguqula umbono wethu, ukwazi kwethu, nendlela yethu yokuhlala emhlabeni.