Ikholifulawa Kuyimifino eyaziwa kabanzi phakathi komndeni we-cruciferous noma Brassicaceae, lapho ihlanganyela khona ngokuhlobene ne-broccoli, amahlumela aseBrussels, ne-kale, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo. Isitshalo esikhulu esidliwayo yi-inflorescence (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi ikhanda, ibhola, noma isisindo), ehlonishwayo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuthambile kanye nezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuhlukahluka kokupheka.
Umsuka, umlando kanye nokwandiswa kwe-cauliflower
Kukholakala ukuthi ukholifulawa uvela eklabishini lasendle. (Brassica cretica) Ivela esifundeni esisempumalanga yeMedithera nase-Asia Minor (iLebanon neSiriya yanamuhla). Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yayo yokwelapha, njengekhambi lezimo ezinjengobuhlungu bekhanda nesifo sohudo, kwaze kwaba yilapho amaRoma eqala ukuyihlakulela njengokudla.
Ukusabalala kwekholifulawa eNtshonalanga kwaqala ngokutshalwa kwayo e-Italy, kwathatha amagama abonisa ukudlula kwayo ezifundeni ezahlukene: "iklabishi laseSiriya," "iklabishi laseCyprus," "iklabishi laseCandia" (eKrethe), kanye "neklabishi laseMalta." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yafinyelela eFrance naseNgilandi, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokutshalwa kwayo kwasungulwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi kamuva emhlabeni wonke, iChina igqama njengomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana ezahlukene izici zemifino ehlobene ne-cauliflower, ungathintana nabaqondisi bethu abathile.
Izici ze-Botanical kanye ne-morphological
- Igama lesayensi: I-Brassica oleracea Kukhona. i-botrytis
- Umndeni: I-Cruciferous / Brassicaceae
- Ingxenye edliwayo: Ubuningi noma ibhola, elakhiwe iqembu lezimbali ezihlangene, ngokuvamile ezimhlophe, nakuba kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-shades of green, orange and violet.
- Usayizi: Ingakhula ifike ku-30 cm ububanzi futhi ibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-2 ezimeni ezifanele.
- Imvilophu: Ivikelwe ngamacembe aluhlaza awugqinsi asiza ukuvikela ikhanda nokugcina umbala wayo.
Isici sombala omhlophe wekholifulawa kungenxa yokuthi abalimi ngokuvamile bahlanganisa amaqabunga aphezulu ndawonye phezu kwekhanda, bavimbe ukukhanya kwelanga futhi bavimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo eziluhlaza nezinsomi, zichayeka ekukhanyeni futhi zithuthukise ama-pigments afana ne-chlorophyll nama-anthocyanins, abhekele umbala wawo kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa ne-antioxidant.
I-flavour yayo ithambile futhi imnandi kancane, futhi ingadliwa iluhlaza, lapho ukuthungwa kwayo kugqama khona, noma kuphekwe, lapho kuthambile futhi kulula ukugayeka. Ikholifulawa ikhipha iphunga elimnandi lapho iphekiwe, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlanganisela zesulfure ezifana ne-dimethylsulfide kanye ne-trimethylsulfide. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokutshala le mifino, sincoma ukuthi ufunde umhlahlandlela wethu ku kulinywa kanjani ukholifulawa.
Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nezigaba ngokuya ngesizini nangombala
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zekholifulawa ezingahlukaniswa ngazo zombili umbala wayo, njengokukodwa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kanye nezidingo ezishisayo zokwakhiwa kwe-pellet:
- Ikholifulawa emhlophe: Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezibonakala ngombala omhlophe ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwamaqabunga awo. Ukunambitheka kwayo kuthambile futhi iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni.
- Ikholifulawa eluhlaza: Ivumela ukukhanya ukuthi kungene futhi ikhiqize i-chlorophyll, eqinisa umbala wayo futhi iyenze ibe nephunga elimnandi. Phakathi kwalokhu, i Isigodi saseRoma, ikhombe ngokuma kanye nesakhiwo se-fractal.
- Ukholifulawa onsomi: Icebile ngama-anthocyanins, ama-antioxidants anamandla ayinikeza umbala wayo we-violet. Uma isiphekiwe, umbala wayo ungashintsha ube luhlaza noma ube phuzi.
- Ukholifulawa owolintshi: Iqukethe i-beta-carotenes, izingulube ezibhekene nombala wayo namandla aphezulu e-antioxidant. Isibonelo: izinhlobonhlobo ze-'Cheddar'.
Ngokusho inkathi kanye nezinga lokushisa yokulima, esigabeni sethu ku khula ebusika, sithola izinketho ezahlukene ezilungele isimo sezulu ngasinye.
Inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo
Ukholifulawa yi- ukudla okunekhalori ephansi kakhulu (cishe i-18 kcal ngamagremu angu-100), okwenza kube isithako esivamile ekudleni kokulahlekelwa kwesisindo. Ingxenye yawo eyinhloko amanzi (ngaphezu kuka-90%), futhi iqukethe ama-carbohydrates, amafutha, namaprotheni ambalwa kakhulu, kodwa ecebile ku-fiber yokudla, esiza ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi inikeza umuzwa wokusutha.
Phakathi kwakho iphrofayili yamavithamini namaminerali phuma:
- Vitamin C: I-antioxidant enamandla ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-collagen, ukumuncwa okuhle kwensimbi, futhi iqinisa ukuzivikela komzimba.
- I-Folates (i-Vitamin B9): Okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zofuzo, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Amavithamini eqembu B (B1, B2, B3, B6): Bangenelela ekutholeni amandla, umsebenzi we-neuromuscular kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-antibody.
- I-Vitamin K: Ibalulekile ekujiyeleni igazi.
- Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-calcium nenani elincane le-iron ne-manganese liyagqama.
Ukusetshenziswa kweCulinary nezindlela zokulungiselela
Ukuguquguquka kwe-cauliflower ekhishini kuyamangaza. Ingadliwa iluhlaza (kumasaladi noma njengokudla okulula), kuphekwe, kushiswe, kubilisiwe, kugayiwe, kugaziswe, kuthoswe, kucubungulwe, esobho elinokhilimu, futhi kube esikhundleni sezitsha ezine-carb ephansi (njenge "cauliflower rice" noma njengesisekelo sama-pizza angenayo i-gluten). Izicelo zayo eziyinhloko zokupheka yilezi:
- Okuluhlaza: Inikeza ukuthungwa okuqinile kwamasaladi, amathreyi emifino nokudla okulula okunempilo.
- Kubilisiwe noma kubilisiwe: Ilungele ama-purées nama-creams, njengoba ukunambitheka kwayo okuthambile kuhlangana kahle nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinongo.
- Okuthosiwe kanye ne-gratin: Ithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwayo ngokuthinta kwegolide; iphelele njenge-side dish noma isidlo esikhulu.
- Ku-"rice" noma "couscous": Igayiwe noma icutshungulwe ukuze ithole ukuthungwa okufana nelayisi, okuhle kakhulu ezitsheni ezilula noma ukudla okune-carb ephansi.
- Ku-"steaks" noma "bifes": Isikiwe iqine futhi iphekwe ku-grill, epanini, noma kuhhavini, ithola ukuthungwa kwenyama, okufunwa kakhulu ekudleni kwe-vegan nemifino.
- Njengesisekelo se-pizza: Ihlanganiswe noshizi, iqanda, kanye nezinongo, iba enye indlela engena-gluten kunenhlama ye-pizza evamile.
- Ku-stews, ama-pottages nanjenge-side dish: Ihambisana kahle kakhulu ne-legumes, irayisi nenhlanzi.
Indlela yokukhetha, ukugcina, nokufriza ukholifulawa
Ukuze ujabulele konke izakhiwo Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu, khetha izibonelo ezinamakhanda aqinile, ahlangene, angenawo amabala ansundu noma izindawo ezithambile. Amaqabunga kufanele abe luhlaza futhi abe masha; ama-florets avulekile noma ama-inflorescence ahlukanisiwe ngokuvamile abonisa ikholifulawa evuthiwe.
Ukuze uyigcine ekhaya, yigcine esiqandisini, mhlawumbe esikhwameni esinezimbobo noma esongwe ngephepha elinezimbobo ezincane ukuze uvimbele umswakama futhi welule ubusha bayo kuze kube isonto. Ungaligezi lize lilungele ukudliwa.
Ukholifulawa ungabuye ugcinwe izinyanga efrijini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yihlukanise ibe ama-florets, i-blanch imizuzu engu-2 kuya kwemi-4 emanzini abilayo, ipholise ngokushesha, ikhiphe, bese uyigcina ezikhwameni ezingenawo umoya. Ngale ndlela, ingahlala isesimweni esihle kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, ilungele ukungeza esitsheni nasezitsheni ezilungisiwe.
Inkathi yokukhula kanye nezimo ezingcono kakhulu zokulima
Ukholifulawa ungatshalwa unyaka wonke ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo, nakuba isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokukhula nokuvuna ngokuvamile sisekupheleni kwehlobo, ekwindla, nasebusika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile nezibandayo. Sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nesigaba sethu ku ukuhlwanyela ebusika ukuhlela kangcono ukutshalwa kwale mifino.
Idinga inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ekhishwe kahle, enomswakama oqhubekayo kanye ne-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-alkaline kancane. Kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama ovamile ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi ukuvimbela ukuphefumulelwa kwezimpande kanye nokukhula kwesikhunta. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi, vakashela isigaba sethu. imbewu ukuze kulinywe.
Ukunakekelwa kokutshalwa kwe-cauliflower
- Ukunisela: Kudinga ukuchelela okuvamile nokuchichimayo ukuze kugcinwe umswakama we-substrate, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okuhle.
- Isendlalelo: Ithanda inhlabathi evulekile, engathathi hlangothi evundiswe kahle ngomquba noma izinto eziphilayo ezibolile.
- Ukukhanya: Kudinga ilanga eliqondile, kodwa ilanga eliningi ehlobo lingathinta ikhwalithi yenhlama.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha: Kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu lapho isitshalo sinamaqabunga eqiniso angama-3 kuye kwayi-5, ukuze singalimazi uhlelo lwempande.
- Isikhala: Izitshalo ezingaba ngu-12 ngo-30 cm noma 38-46 cm phakathi kwemigqa, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nokuthuthuka okulindelekile.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko nezifo ze-cauliflower
Ukholifulawa usengozini yezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi:
- Iklabishi hernia: Isifo sokhunta esidala ukuvuvukala kwezimpande neziqu, okubangela ukushwabana kwamaqabunga. Ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo kuyanconywa ukuze kuncishiswe izigameko zayo.
- Ivemvane iklabishi: Isinambuzane esimhlophe esinezibungu eziluhlaza ezishwabadela amaqabunga. Ilawulwa ngokukhipha amaqanda namacimbi.
- Impukane iklabishi: Ibekela amaqanda entanyeni yesitshalo, izibungu zaso zangena esiqwini, zenza buthaka futhi zibulale isitshalo. Amaqabunga athintekile athola umbala ompunga-oluhlaza kanye ne-waxy coating.
- Ama-aphid, ama-cutworms, amabhu nama-flea beetle: Lezi ezinye izinambuzane ezivamile okufanele zigadwe ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula.
- Ezinye izifo: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubola okumnyama, umlenze omnyama, indawo yamaqabunga, i-downy mildew, nokushiswa kwethiphu.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukwanda kwezinambuzane nezifo, kuyatuseka ukushintshanisa izitshalo, ukusebenzisa inhlabathi enempilo, nokugcina izitshalo zingenawo udoti wezitshalo ongcolile.
Ilukuluku kanye nokuba khona ku-contemporary gastronomy
Yake yabhekwa njengesithako esiphansi, ukholifulawa uye wajabulela ukuchuma kwe-gastronomy yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa namasu amasha futhi isebenze njengesitshalo esikhundleni senyama noma imikhiqizo enesitashi. Ivezwa kumamenyu emifino kanye ne-vegan ngenxa ye-steaks, amaphiko, amabhola, ama-pizza crusts, nezinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-Cauliflower Rice noma i-Cauliflower Bolognese.
I-flavour yayo engathathi hlangothi iyenza ibe yindwangu enhle kakhulu yokupheka kwamaNdiya okubabayo, izitsha zaseMedithera, futhi isetshenziselwa ukubhaka okunempilo. Ukwengeza, kwezinye izifunda, ukholifulawa usetshenziswa kumakhukhamba, agcinwe emafutheni, uviniga namanzi.
Ukholifulawa waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengokudla okubalulekile kokubili kwezempilo kanye ne-gastronomy. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephansi, okuqukethwe kwe-fiber ephezulu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamavithamini, amaminerali, nezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive kuyibeka njengozakwabo ekuvimbeleni izifo kanye nesithako esiguquguqukayo, esongayo esivumelana nanoma yiliphi ikhishi. Ukulinywa kwayo ngokucophelela kanye nokwehlukahlukana okubanzi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwayo unyaka wonke, kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinzuzweni zayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
