El isihlahla se-tepehuaje Iwuhlobo lokubaluleka okukhulu kwezemvelo namasiko ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi. Iyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa i- ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi unikeze umthunzi, lesi sihlahla sisetshenziselwa izinhloso zemvelo, ezokwelapha kanye nezimboni. Ukumelana kwayo ne izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu okwenza kube inketho ebalulekile yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi nokongiwa kwe-ecosystem.
Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici, izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Tepehuaje, okuhlanganisa nayo indima ekwehliseni umthelela kwezemvelo, ithonya layo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokufaneleka kwayo emithini yesintu. Sizophinde sifunde mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwayo ngokwezindawo kanye namathiphu okuthi ungayitshala kanjani futhi uyinakekele kanjani.
Siyini isihlahla saseTepehuaje?
El I-Tepehuaje, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Lysiloma acapulcense, isihlahla somndeni UFabaceae. Ingafinyelela ubude obuphakathi nendawo 4 namamitha ayi-20 futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile nezisagwadule eMexico naseCentral America. Isiqu sawo sinsundu ngokumnyama futhi sinamagxolo amaholoholo axebuka ngezinye izikhathi abe neziqephu, okungaba usizo ekuqondeni indlela yokunakekela izihlahla kulo mkhaya.
Amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe futhi aphina, ane-a umbala oluhlaza ojulile, kuyilapho izimbali zayo ezincane, ezimhlophe ziqoqwe ngama-globose inflorescence. Imidumba yayo, equkethe imbewu yayo, mincane futhi insundu ngokumnyama, inobude obuphakathi 5 futhi 10cm.
Izinzuzo zemvelo ze-Tepehuaje
Lesi sihlahla sinenani elikhulu lezici ezenza kube isici esibalulekile se ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama kwezinhlelo zemvelo.
- Ithuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi: Njengengxenye yomndeni wakwaFabaceae, i-tepehuaje inamandla okulungisa initrogen enhlabathini ngokusebenzisa i-symbiosis ne-rhizobia bacteria. Lokhu kuvumela inothisa izwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo.
- Ivimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi: Izimpande zayo ezijulile nezibanzi zinomthelela ukuzinza komhlabathi, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokuvimbela ukudilika kwenhlabathi ezindaweni ezisengozini.
- Ukuthwebula kwe-CO2: Ikhono layo lokumunca amanani amakhulu isikhutha kunomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
- Isiphephelo sezilwane zasendle: Lesi sihlahla siyikhaya lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni nezinambuzane ezithela impova, ezinikeza indawo yokuhlala nokudla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Tepehuaje
Ezolimo Nemfuyo
Kuzinhlelo ze-agroforestry, i-tepehuaje isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka umthunzi wezitshalo zemifino, esiza ukulawula ukuhwamuka nokulondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pods namahlamvu awo anenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo, okwenza kube a inketho enhle kakhulu njengefolishi imfuyo, ehlobene ngqo ne ukuvundiswa kwesihlahla.
Imboni yesikhumba nokushukwa
La Amagxolo e-Tepehuaje Iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-tannins, asetshenziswa ekwelapheni imboni yokushukwa kwesikhumba ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eGuanajuato.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi
Emithini yendabuko, igxolo elingaphakathi le-tepehuaje lisetshenziselwa infusions ukwelapha Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezifana nesifo sohudo negesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi imbewu yayo ingase ibe nayo izakhiwo ze-antiparasite, ngakho ukubaluleka kwayo kwezokwelapha kuyaphawuleka.
Indlela yokutshala nokunakekela i-tepehuaje
Ukutshala isihlahla se-tepehuaje, kutuswa ukuthi ulandele lezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo:
- Ukucwilisa imbewu: Kufanele zishiywe emanzini izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma.
- Lungisa umhlabathi: Kumelwe ibe ne-substrate ekhishwe kahle futhi enomsoco.
- Tshala ekujuleni okufanele: Imbewu kufanele igqitshwe cishe ngo-1 cm ukushona futhi iniselwe njalo ngaphandle kokukhukhula inhlabathi.
- Ukuchelela okufanele: Ezinyangeni zayo zokuqala kunconywa ukuyinisela kathathu ngeviki ize ifinyelele cishe 40 cm ubude. Ngemva kwalokho, uzodinga amanzi kanye ngesonto.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Tepehuaje
I-Tepehuaje itholakala kakhulu I-México kanye neMelika Ephakathi, ezindaweni ezomile neziwugwadule. E-Mexico, izifunda ezifana ne-Guanajuato, Sonora, ne-Michoacán zinokutholakala okuphezulu kwalolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokulondoloza imvelo nasemapulazini.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, iyindlela ekahle yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nokushoda kwamanzi, ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyiseleni imvelo eyonakele. Uma ufuna ukujula ngokubaluleka kokutshala izihlahla ezindaweni ezithile, njenge isihlahla se-copal, ungase ube nesithakazelo.
I-tepehuaje ingaphezu kwesihlahla sokuhlobisa. Ukuba khona kwazo ezinhlelweni zemvelo akuzuzisi nje umhlabathi nezilwane zasendle kuphela, kodwa futhi kunikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenzayo embonini, emfuyweni nasemithi. Ikhono layo lokuvuselela inhlabathi, ukumunca i-CO2, nokumelana nezimo ezimbi kuyenza ibe umngane obalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokongiwa kwemvelo.
