Inhlabathi pH Ibhekwa njengenye yemingcele eyisisekelo kwezolimo, njengoba ithonya ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa, impilo, kanye nokukhiqiza kwezilimo. Ukugcina i-pH ebangeni elifanele kusiza ukumuncwa kwezakhi zomzimba okuyinhloko (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, isulfure) kanye ama-micronutrients abalulekile, okunomthelela ekuvuneni kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina yezithelo nemifino.
Iyini i-pH yomhlabathi futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka?
El inhlabathi pH Kuyisilinganiso esibonisa ukugcwala kwama-hydrogen ions (H+) phansi, okubonisa izinga layo i-acidity noma i-alkalinity Esikalini sika-0 (okune-acidic kakhulu) kuya ku-14 (iningi le-alkaline), kanti u-7 ungathathi hlangothi. Ngaphansi kuka-7, inhlabathi ine-acidic; ngaphezu kwe-XNUMX, i-alkaline noma iyisisekelo.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunomthelela ngqo:
- Ukutholakala kanye nokumuncwa kwemisoco izitshalo.
- Umsebenzi we-Microbial unesibopho sokwenza amaminerali ezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulungisa izakhi ezibalulekile.
- Ibhalansi yamakhemikhali yomhlabathi, enquma ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezitholakalayo noma ezivinjiwe.
- Isakhiwo, i-porosity kanye nekhwalithi yomzimba ye-substrate.
Ngokwesibonelo, enhlabathini ene-asidi, izinsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, i-iron, ne-manganese zingafinyelela amazinga anobuthi, kuyilapho enhlabathini ene-alkali, i-calcium ne-carbonates eningi ingagcina i-phosphorus nama-micronutrients, okwenza kube nzima ngezitshalo ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinga le-pH lomhlabathi elilungile lezitshalo ezahlukene
Amanani e-pH afanelekile angahluka kuye ngesitshalo. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe eziningi zikhula kahle emhlabathini i-acidic kancane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi (phakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5). Nokho, kukhona izinhlobo ezidinga izimo eziqondile:
- Ukolweni: pH 5.5 - 7.5
- Ibhali: pH 6.5 - 8.0
- I-Rye: pH 5.0 - 7.0
- Ukolweni: pH 5.5 - 8.0
- I-Alfalfa: pH 6.0 - 7.8
- Ubhekilanga: pH 6.0 - 7.0
- I-alimondi: pH 6.0 - 7.5
- Izambane: i-pH 5.0 - 5.5 (ikhetha inhlabathi ene-asidi eningi)
- Utamatisi: pH 5.5 - 7.0
- I-Berenjena: pH 5.4 - 6.0
- I-Orchid: pH 4.0 - 4.5
Inqunywa kanjani i-pH yomhlabathi?
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlola i-pH:
- Imitha ye-pH ephathekayo: Amathuluzi alula futhi asheshayo, afanele ukulinganiswa okulinganiselwe kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini.
- Imichilo yokuhlola noma amakhithi e-colorimetric: Kwezomnotho, ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, nakuba kunokunemba okuncane.
- Ukuthumela amasampula elabhorethri ekhethekile: Indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuxilongwa okunembile, ebalulekile ngaphambi kokutshala okukhulu noma ukulungiswa komanyolo.
Inqubo enconyiwe ihlanganisa ukuthatha amasampula amele umhlabathi amaningana, uyomise, uwasefe, uwaxube namanzi acwecwe, futhi ulinganise i-pH ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane sokuphumula. Lokhu kuhlaziya kufanele kuphindwe ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba ukuvundiswa, imvula, nezinye izici kubangela ukuba i-pH iguquguquke kuwo wonke umjikelezo wonyaka.
Izinto ezinquma inhlabathi pH
Inani le-pH liyaguquka futhi lingahluka ngenxa yethonya lezinto ezimbalwa:
- Izinto zabazali: Amadwala ane-asidi akhiqiza inhlabathi ene-asidi, amadwala ane-calcareous akhiqiza inhlabathi eyisisekelo.
- Isimo sezulu kanye nemvula: Imvula enamandla ivame ukuholela enhlabathini ene-asidi ngenxa yokucwiliswa kwezisekelo (i-calcium, i-magnesium).
- Ukwakheka kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-organic matter: Inhlabathi enesihlabathi isengozini yokuguquguquka; inhlabathi enobumba kanye ne-humus inamandla amakhulu okuvimbela.
- Uhlobo lokunisela: Amanzi ane-alkalinity ephezulu angakhuphula i-pH.
- Izinqubo zezolimo: Ukufakwa kukamanyolo, izichibiyelo, nezitshalo kancane kancane kushintsha ibhalansi ye-pH.
Imisebenzi yabantu—kusukela ekuvundiseni ukuya ekulawuleni imfucuza kanye nokulinywa ngokweqile—ishintsha i-asidi yemvelo noma ukuqina kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda umlando wenhlabathi kanye nokuwuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kwe-agronomic yobungcweti.
Imithelela ye-pH ekumunceni izakhi kanye nempilo yezitshalo
Lapho inhlabathi ine-pH enganele yezinhlobo ezitshaliwe, ukungalingani komsoco kwenzeka:
- Umhlabathi one-acidic kakhulu (pH <5.5): Ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-aluminium enobuthi ne-manganese, i-calcium, i-magnesium, nokushoda kwe-phosphorus, nezimpande ezimfushane ezijiyile. Izakhi zokulandelela zingase zeqile, ezingaba yingozi.
- Inhlabathi emaphakathi: Ukutholakala okukhulu okulinganiselayo kwazo zonke izakhi, umsebenzi ophelele we-microbial, isakhiwo esihle.
- Inhlabathi ene-alkaline (pH> 7.5): Ama-micronutrients afana ne-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese, nethusi ayancipha ukutholakala; kunengozi enkulu ye-iron chlorosis kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco. I-Phosphorus iboshwe ngamafomu angancibiliki.
Izimpawu ezitshalweni zingadideka nezifo: i-chlorosis, ukukhula okukhubazekile, ukubola, i-leaf necrosis, phakathi kwabanye. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula i-pH akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umsoco kodwa futhi kusiza ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kwezinkinga zezolimo. Lapha ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuhlaziya izimo zenhlabathi ukuthuthukisa impilo yesitshalo sakho.
Ukuphathwa kwe-pH yomhlabathi nokulungiswa
Ukulungisa i-pH kungenzeka ngamasu aguqulelwe esimweni ngasinye:
- Ngenhlabathi ene-acidic: Engeza izichibiyelo ze-calcium (i-lime yezolimo, i-dolomite, umlotha wezinkuni olawulwayo, amagobolondo amaqanda agayiwe). Uhlobo nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zomkhiqizo zithinta ijubane nokusebenza kwawo. Kubalulekile ukubala umthamo ngokusekelwe kokuthungwa kwenhlabathi kanye ne-organic matter.
- Ngenhlabathi ene-alkaline: Gcoba izinto eziphilayo (umquba, ukubunjwa kwezikelemu), i-elemental sulfur, umanyolo we-nitrogen okwifomu ye-ammonium noma ye-sulfate, ama-micronutrient chelates, kanye nezikhathi ezithile ze-gypsum yezolimo ukuze ukhiphe i-sodium enhlabathini ethambile. Inqubo ihamba kancane futhi idinga ukuqapha ukuze kuvinjwe ukugcwala kwe-asidi ngokweqile.
Ukuhlukaniswa komhlabathi ngokuya nge-pH kanye nezinkinga ezihambisanayo
Umhlabathi ungahlukaniswa kanje:
- I-acidic kakhulu: i-pH ngaphansi kuka-5.5, nengozi yobuthi bensimbi nokutholakala kwe-phosphorus ephansi.
- I-acidic kancane ukuya kokumaphakathi: i-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5, ilungele izitshalo eziningi.
- I-alkaline: i-pH enkulu kuno-7.5, ukuthambekela kokushoda kwe-micronutrient kanye ne-phosphorus evinjiwe.
- I-Sodium noma i-calcareous: Inhlabathi ene-alkaline ephezulu, okunzima ukuyilungisa futhi lapho izinkinga ezingokomzimba ezinjengoqweqwe kanye nokungakwazi ukungena kwamanzi ngokuvamile zibonakala, ngaphezu kokushoda kwensimbi, i-zinc, kanye ne-manganese.
Izincomo zokulawula i-pH okuphumelelayo
Ukugcina i-pH efanele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ugweme ukushintshashintsha okuyingozi:
- Yenza ukuhlaziya umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye nasekujuleni komhlaba.
- Sebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ukwenza ngcono umthamo wokuvinjelwa komhlabathi, ukhuthaze impilo ye-microbial futhi uthande isakhiwo.
- Ukukhetha izitshalo kanye nomanyolo ilungele i-pH yemvelo yomhlabathi.
- Qopha umlando wokulima nokuvundisa ukubikezela izinguquko nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Ukuphathwa kwe-pH kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa impilo yezitshalo nokukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yokuvuna. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kuzosivumela ukuba silindele ukushoda noma ubuthi, songe ezinyathelweni zokulungisa zesikhathi eside, futhi sikhuthaze i-agroecosystem elinganiselayo futhi esimeme.