Ama-bromeliads Ziyizitshalo ezithakazelisayo ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zaseMelika, zaziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngenxa yokujabula kwamaqabunga azo kanye nemvelo ebabazekayo yezimbali zazo. Lezi zitshalo, nakuba zidinga ezithile ukunakekelwa okuqondile, kulula ukuyinakekela futhi ingangeza ukuthinta okungavamile nokumibalabala kukho kokubili ikhaya lakho nengadi yakho.
Izici ezijwayelekile zama-bromeliads
I-Bromeliads yakha okungaphezu kwalokho Izinhlobo ezingama-3.000 Ihlukaniswe emndenini we-Bromeliaceae. Ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo zomumo nemibala, nakuba zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: ama-bromeliads asemhlabeni, ezimila emhlabathini, futhi i-epiphytic bromeliads, ezimila eziqwini noma emagatsheni ezihlahla, zimunca umswakama nezakhamzimba ikakhulukazi ngamahlamvu azo. Lokhu kwehluka kusho ukuthi ama-bromeliad ajwayela izimo ezihlukene, nakuba ngokuvamile abelana ngezici ezithile. izidingo zokulima.
Phakathi kwama-bromeliad aziwa kakhulu futhi atshalwa kakhulu endlini kukhona E-Guzmania, lo I-Aechmea futhi i IVrieseaZonke zigqama ngemibala yazo eqinile nezimbali ezihlukile. Zikhula kancane, futhi ngemva kokuqhakaza (ziyi-monocarpic), isitshalo somzali siyafa ukuze sinikeze izitshalo ezintsha (ama-suckers noma inzalo).
Ungawanakekela kanjani ama-bromeliads endlini?
Ama-bromeliads angaphakathi Zidinga izimo ezilingisa indawo yazo yemvelo. Okulandelayo ukunakekelwa kubalulekile ngokuthuthuka kwayo okulungile:
- Ukukhanya: Bakhetha izindawo kukhanya kakhulu kodwa ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondileIlanga eliningi lishisa amaqabunga awo, kuyilapho ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu kuwavimbela ekuqhakazeni nasekukhuleni. Zibeke eduze kwefasitela elikhanyiswe kahle, kodwa gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
- Ithempelesha: Ububanzi obulungile buphakathi 15 ºC no-27 ºCGwema ukuzibeka eduze kwemithombo yokushisa noma okusalungiswa, futhi ukugcine kude nama-radiator, ama-air conditioner, noma iminyango/amafasitela avuliwe ebusika.
- Umswakamo: Umswakama ekahle 60% kuya ku-80%Uma indawo yomile, fafaza amaqabunga njalo ngamanzi acwengiwe noma emvula, noma ubeke ibhodwe esosweni lamatshe aswakeme ukuze ukhulise umswakama.
- Imbiza ne-substrate: Sebenzisa izimbiza ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kanye ne-substrate elula, enomoya futhi edonsa kahle. Ingxube engcono kakhulu iqukethe i-peat nesihlabathi esimahhadla noma i-perlite. Gwema iziqukathi ezingenazo izimbobo, njengoba umswakama owedlulele ubolisa izimpande.
- Ukunisela: Nisela 1 kuya ku-3 izikhathi ngesonto kuye ngesizini namazinga okushisa. Ehlobo, khulisa imvamisa futhi uhlanganise ukuchelela i-substrate nge ukugcwaliswa kwe-calyx ephakathi noma i-rosette ngamanzi, ukuthulula nokuvuselela amanzi njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10 ukugwema ukubola kanye nesikhunta.
Isici esibalulekile ukugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi, kokubili ezimpandeni nase-central rosette, ukuvimbela izifo zesikhunta. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukukhipha noma imaphi amanzi amile esosweni ngemva kokuchelela ngakunye.
- Obhalisile: Faka isicelo umanyolo we-orchid Nciphisa njalo emavikini angu-3-4 ngesikhathi sokukhula (entwasahlobo nasehlobo). Gwema umanyolo oqinile noma oweqile ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izimpande.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha: Phinda njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3 noma lapho isitshalo sikudinga ngenxa yokushoda kwendawo, ngaso sonke isikhathi sisebenzisa i-substrate entsha, enomoya omuhle.
- Ukubhebhetheka: Lapho umama etshala izimbali futhi ekhiqiza inzalo, linda zifinyelele 15 cm ubude futhi uwahlukanise ngobumnene nezimpande ezifakiwe ukuze uthole izitshalo ezintsha.
Ukunakekela ama-bromeliads ngaphandle
I-Bromeliads ingatshalwa ngaphandle isimo sezulu esingenasithwathwa (i-tropical, subtropical noma iMedithera ethambile kakhulu). Yakho ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo Yilezi:
- Indawo: Sesha ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-filament noma umthunzi oyingxenye, njengokukhosela ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ukukhanya kwelanga okude isikhathi eside kungashisa amaqabunga, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobo ezintekenteke.
- Ithempelesha: Lezi zitshalo Azibubekezeleli isithwathwaUma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-10°C, hambisa isitshalo endlini noma usivikele ngezingubo zokulala ezishisayo noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
- Isendlalelo: Umhlaba kufanele ube ilula, inomoya futhi ine-drainage enhle kakhuluUma inhlabathi iminyene kakhulu, yimba umgodi omkhulu uwugcwalise ngengxube kakhukhunathi, isihlabathi kanye ne-perlite.
- Ukunisela: Khulisa imvamisa ehlobo (izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto) futhi wehlise ebusika. Nisela ngqo phansi kwesitshalo noma i-rosette, ukugwema cwilisa izimpande.
- Ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu: Vikela emimoyeni enamandla nesichotho. Uma kunezimvula ezinkulu, qiniseka ukuthi i-substrate idonsa kahle.
- Phasa: Sebenzisa umanyolo wama-orchid noma ama-bromeliad njalo emavikini angama-3-4 ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ukunisela nomswakama kuma-bromeliads: amathiphu namaphutha okufanele uwagweme
Ukuchelela kungenye ye ukunakekelwa okubucayi kakhulu ku-bromeliads. Kokubili ukuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokweqisa kungabalimaza. Landela lezi zincomo:
- Njalo gcina i-substrate imanzi kancane kodwa akakaze acwile.
- Nisela i-rosette ephakathi Njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma amanzi acwecwe. Thela amanzi kancane ukuze ugweme ukuchichima futhi uchithe noma imaphi amanzi asele ngaphambi kokungeza amanzi ahlanzekile.
- Fafaza amaqabunga nsuku zonke ezindaweni ezomile futhi ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
- Ungashiyi izimpande zicwile.; sebenzisa njalo i-substrate nebhodwe eline-drainage enhle kakhulu.
Izimfuneko zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa elilungile
Ama-bromeliads ayadingeka ukukhanya okungaqondile okukhulu ukuze ikhule ngokunempilo futhi ithuthukise umbala nembali yayo. Gwema ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside. Amazinga okushisa afanelekile aphakathi 15 kanye no-27 ºCZibekezelela ukwehla okungavamile ukuya ku-12°C, kodwa azilokothi zibe nesithwathwa. Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kungabangela ukucindezeleka futhi kuthinte ukukhula noma ukuqhakaza kwazo.
Ukufakela umquba, ukufakelwa kabusha kanye nokusabalalisa
Gcoba ama-bromeliads nge umanyolo okhethekile ohlanjululwe oketshezi wama-orchid noma ama-bromeliads njalo emavikini angu-3-4 entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ungalokothi ufake umanyolo ogxilile, njengoba lokhu kuzolimaza isitshalo. Phinda njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 noma lapho ibhodwe liba lincane kakhulu, sebenzisa i-aerated substrate kanye nesitsha esisha. Ukuze usakaze, hlukanisa inzalo esitshalweni sikamama lapho inezimpande zayo futhi ibude okungenani obuyi-15 cm. Tshala esitsheni esifanele futhi usigcine simanzi futhi sifudumele ukuze ukhuthaze ukumila kwezimpande.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko nezixazululo kuma-bromeliads
Phakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kuma-bromeliads, okulandelayo kuyabonakala:
- Amaqabunga aphuzi: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuchelela ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Yehlisa imvamisa yokunisela futhi uthuthukise ukukhanya.
- Amaqabunga anamathiphu omile: Ibonisa umswakama ophansi we-ambient. Khulisa inkungu noma beka ibhodwe esosweni lamatshe aswakeme.
- Ukubola okumaphakathi noma kwezimpande: Lokhu kungabangelwa amanzi amile ku-rosette noma i-substrate enamanzi. Khipha amanzi amaningi futhi usebenzise i-substrate eyomile ngokushesha.
- Izinambuzane: Ingase ihlaselwe ama-mealybugs, izibungu, noma izintwala. Yisuse ngesandla bese usebenzisa insipho ye-potassium noma amafutha e-neem.
- Ukushoda kwezimbali: Kungaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, umanyolo, noma ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo sesiqhakazile futhi sisendleleni yokukhiqiza amahlumela.
Ukuqhakaza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo we-bromeliads
Ama-bromeliads ziqhakaza kanye kuphela emjikelezweni wabo wokuphila (bangama-monocarpic). Ngemva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo sikamama siqala ukufa, kodwa sikhiqiza inzalo ukuthi, lapho ifinyelela ubukhulu obanele, ingahlukaniswa futhi itshalwe kabusha ukuze yenze izitshalo ezintsha. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuncike eminyakeni yesitshalo, uhlobo, kanye nokukhanya, umswakama, nezimo zikamanyolo.
Izinhlobo ze-Bromeliad ezinconyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle
- I-Aechmea Fasciata: Ngamaqabunga e-lanceolate aluhlaza okotshani nezimbali ezipinki.
- I-Guzmania: Idume ngama-bracts awo amaphakathi anemibala egqamile ebomvu, osawolintshi noma ephuzi.
- I-Vriesea splendens: Ngama-inflorescence ama-bracts ahlala isikhathi eside abomvu naphuzi.
- I-Tillandsia: Ama-epiphyte kulula kakhulu ukukhula ezisekelweni ze-inert.
Amathiphu engeziwe empumelelo nge-Bromeliads
- Indawo yecebo: Susa ama-bromeliad kude nemigudu emincane nezindonga ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwamaqabunga.
- Ukubuyekeza ngezikhathi ezithile: Lawula izinambuzane nezifo njalo ukuze usebenze ngesikhathi.
- Khumbula ukuthi ubuhle be-bromeliad bulele kakhulu emaqabunga awo njengakumjikelezo wokuqhakaza kwawo nokusabalalisa.
I-Bromeliads iyizitshalo ezingavamile kulabo abafuna ukwengeza umbala, impilo, nomuzwa we-tropical ekhaya noma engadini yabo. Ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganiswe nomjikelezo wabo wempilo, kubenza babe abangane abakahle kubo bobabili abaqalayo kanye nabalimi abanolwazi. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, ungajabulela Ama-bromeliad anempilo, abukisayo futhi anempilo iminyaka, izivuselela futhi inikeza ubuhle kunoma iyiphi indawo.