Physalis, waziwa ngo Isibani saseShayina, i-lantern yamaShayina, i-alquequenje noma ijikijolo legolide, isitshalo esidabuka eNingizimu Melika esingesomndeni Solanaceae osekuzuze indawo ekhethekile kuzo zombili izingadi zokuhlobisa nasezingadini zasekhaya. Udumo lwayo alukho nje kuphela ebuhleni obuyingqayizivele besithelo saso esifakwe endaweni efana ne-lantern-like casing, kodwa nasezintweni zayo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nezicelo zokupheka. Ngezansi, uzothola a umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi onemininingwane ekulinyweni, ekunakekeleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwePhysalis, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi olungcono kakhulu olutholakalayo nokwandisa isigaba ngasinye ukuze kubhekwane nanoma yimiphi imibuzo ephathelene nokulinywa nokugcinwa kwayo.
Izici ze-botanical nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Physalis
Physalis Iwuhlobo oluhlukahlukene olunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-90, okuyizona ezidume kakhulu engadini nasensimini yezithelo. Physalis alkekengi (Isibani saseShayina), I-Physalis peruviana (i-cape gooseberry noma i-golden berry), I-Physalis ixocarpa (tomatillo) kanye I-Physalis pruinosaWonke abonwa ngesithelo sawo esidliwayo kanye negobolondo elihlaba umxhwele elinjengelambu eliwuzungezile.
Lezi zitshalo kungaba izitshalo ze-herbaceous perennials noma unyaka kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-60 no-120 cm. Ziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngezimbali ezincane eziguqukayo zibe izithelo eziwuphawu lwewolintshi. I-Chinese Lantern yaziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni izimbali ngamakhepsuli ayo aqinile abomvu.
- Izinhlobo ze-Physalis: Ihlobisa kakhulu, yaziswa ngamalungiselelo nezingadi, izithelo ezidliwayo zine-acidic.
- I-Physalis peruviana: Isithelo esimnandi nesihlwabusayo, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekubhakeni futhi sinempilo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamavithamini amaningi.
- I-Physalis ixocarpa: Isetshenziswa kumasoso aseMexico, izithelo eziluhlaza kanye nosayizi omkhulu.
- I-Physalis pruinosa nezinye ezingajwayelekile kakhulu: Ivumelana nezimo futhi i-rustic, ilungile njengenketho engavamile engadini.
Izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nokusetshenziswa kokupheka
El izithelo zePhysalis ungumthombo obalulekile we amavithamini C, A nama-antioxidants. Kuyinto isisu, ikhuthaza ukuqedwa kwe-uric acid futhi inomthelela qinisa amasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-carotenoids ne-fiber.
Ukuguquguquka kwezithelo zayo kuvumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe ku ama-jam, amasaladi, ama-dessert, amasoso futhi ngisho nokuhambisana nezitsha ezidliwayo. Yakho ukunambitheka Kuyinhlanganisela yobumnandi ne-acidity eqabulayo futhi engavamile.
Izimo zokukhula ezifanele
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Physalis ikhula inempilo futhi ikhiqiza, kubalulekile ukuyihlinzeka ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi kanye nezimo zokunisela:
- Ukukhanya: Khetha ukuchayeka elangeni eligcwele, nakuba ibekezelela i-semi-shade, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, lapho amahora ambalwa omthunzi okhanyayo usiza ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwamaqabunga.
- Phansi: Kudinga a inhlabathi evundile, exekethile futhi evundile kakhuluI-pH elungile iphakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.0. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise umquba, ukugaywa kwezikelemu, noma umanyolo obole kahle ngesikhathi sokutshala.
- Ukunisela: Gcina i- inhlabathi emanzi kodwa engenamanzi, ukulungisa imvamisa kusizini. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kokuqala, nisela njalo; uma isimisiwe, ibekezelela isomiso isikhathi esifushane.
- Ithempelesha: Ithuthukisa amandla ayo aphelele emazingeni okushisa apholile. Imelana nesithwathwa esilula (kuze kufike ku-2°C), kodwa ezindaweni ezibandayo kufanele ivikelwe ebusika noma ikhule njengonyaka.
Ukuhlwanyela, ukutshala kabusha kanye nokusabalalisa
El Physalis Ingatshalwa ngembewu, izithombo ezincane noma ngokusikwa. Isikhathi esifanele sokuqala ukukhula intwasahlobo, uma ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile. Ukuze uzuze izinga eliphezulu lokuhluma, hlwanyela imbewu endaweni yembewu evikelekile, ekujuleni kuka-0,5-1 cm enhlabathini emanzi, elula. Ukuhluma kwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10-20.
Lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-15-20 cm, zidluliselwa endaweni yazo yokugcina, ngokuhlonipha ibanga elingama-50 cm phakathi kwezitshalo, njengoba zikhula ngendlela ehlane futhi ngokuvamile zithumela isiqu esisekelweni.
- Ebhodweni: Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezinomthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-20 nokujula okuningi. Engeza amanzi (i-pumice noma igravel) phansi bese usebenzisa i-substrate ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukusabalalisa nge-cuttings: Sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amagatsha asikiwe, uwabeke emanzini aze amila bese uwafaka endaweni evundile.
Ezimweni ezipholile, ezingaphakathi endlini enokukhanya okwanele, ingatshalwa unyaka wonke.
Ukunakekelwa okubalulekile ekutshalweni kwePhysalis
Nakuba i-Physalis iqinile futhi ivumelana nezimo, kunezinyathelo zokunakekela ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe ukuze uzuze isivuno esiningi nezitshalo ezinempilo:
- Ukunisela: Nisela amanzi kuphela lapho i-substrate yomile phezulu; ebhodweni, kungase kudingeke unisele kaningi kunasemhlabathini. Amaqabunga abukeka ebuthakathaka lapho isitshalo sidinga amanzi.
- Obhalisile: Faka isicelo umanyolo we-organic, njengokuphonswa kwezikelemu noma umquba, ekuqaleni kwenkathi futhi uvuselele ngomanyolo owuketshezi ocebile nge-potassium ne-phosphorus ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nezithelo. Yeka ukuvundisa ekwindla nasebusika.
- Ukuthena: Akubalulekile, kodwa ungasusa amagatsha afile ekupheleni kwesizini futhi uwanqume ukuze ulawule usayizi wawo. I-Staking inconywa ukuvimbela amagatsha ukuthi angashoni ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo.
- Abaqaphi: Sebenzisa izinti, inethi, noma intambo ukusekela isitshalo uma sikhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emabhodweni.
- I-mulching: Ukupakisha kuyasiza uku gcina umswakama futhi unciphise ukuchelela, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina izithelo
Isithelo se-Physalis sesilungele ukuvunwa lapho ilambu lephepha elisimbozayo liphenduka lisuka koluhlaza libe phuzi ngokuphaphathekile noma lome ngokuphelele futhi liqhekeze lize lithintwa. Isithelo sangaphakathi kufanele sibe phuzi esagolide futhi sibe nokunambitheka okunoshukela, okune-asidi kancane.
Uma sezivuniwe, izithelo zingagcinwa amasonto uma zigcinwe ekugoqweni kwazo futhi endaweni epholile, eyomile. Zilungele ukudla okusha, kuma-dessert, noma zicutshungulwe zibe ujamu nama-compote.
Izinambuzane, izifo kanye nokuvimbela
Physalis Ayizweli ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa ingathinteka yilokhu:
- Ama-aphid, izicabucabu ezibomvu nama-mealybugs: Hlola amaqabunga neziqu njalo. Insipho ye-Potassium kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo ziyasebenza futhi ziphephile endaweni ezungezile.
- Izifo ze-fungal: Umswakama owedlulele ungadala isikhutha nokugqwala. Ukuvimbela lokhu, qinisekisa ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi, gwema ukumanzisa izitshalo ngesikhathi sokunisela, futhi ususe amaqabunga athintekile.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi nawayo: Amaqabunga amadala avame ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi awe; lokhu kuyinqubo evamile uma kwenzeka phansi kwesitshalo.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kanzima, sebenzisa imikhiqizo ethile ukuze i-solanaceae ihlale ilandela izincomo zomenzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa
La Isibani saseShayina Yaziswa kakhulu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngobuhle bama-calyxes ayo, ahlala emuhle ngisho nangemva kokumiswa futhi avumele ukuhlelwa kwezimbali okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuqala. Amaphilisi awolintshi nabomvu anezela umbala engadini cishe unyaka wonke, agqama kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla.
Zama ukuzifaka ezinhlelweni ezomisiwe zezinto ezimaphakathi, amagoda ezimbali, noma imihlobiso yemikhosi. Iziqu zabo ezisikiwe zihlala izinyanga, zigcina umbala nokuma kwazo.
Amathiphu namasu engeziwe we-Physalis enempilo futhi ekhiqizayo
- Ukukhetha imbewu: Khetha imbewu eqinisekisiwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma kanye nempilo yezitshalo.
- Ukusebenzisa kahle i-microclimate: Uma ukhula ebhodweni, ungahambisa isitshalo ukuze usebenzise ilanga elihle kakhulu noma usivikele eqhweni.
- Ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo: I-Physalis cuttings izimpande kalula, ikuvumela ukuba uvuselele izitshalo ezindala eziwohlokayo noma wande izibonelo ezinempilo.
- Ukuhambisana engadini: Ingatshalwa eduze notamatisi, ama-eggplants, nopelepele, kodwa gwema ukushintshaniswa njalo nezinye izitshalo ze-solanaceous ukuze unciphise izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini.
ukutshalwa kwe Physalis o Isibani saseShayina Ihlanganisa ukukhanga kokuhlobisa, inani lokudla okunempilo, kanye nokutshala kalula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubo bobabili abaqalayo kanye nochwepheshe abafuna ukwengeza izitshalo zangempela nezikhiqizayo emasimini nasezingadini zabo. Ukulandela i- ukunakekelwa okuningiliziwe kanye nezincomo ezichazwe lapha, uzojabulela umjikelezo ngamunye wezithelo ezinhle, ukunambitheka nombala kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka.