La inyosi ye-leafcutter Iwuhlobo oluzimele lodwa olwaziswa kakhulu ngamandla alo okukhipha impova, nakuba lungadala ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi. Ifana ngosayizi ne-bumblebee, ihlukaniswa yikho amakhono ayingqayizivele ukusika imibuthano cishe ephelele emaqabunga yezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, zisebenzisa lezi zingcezu njengezinto zokwakha izidleke zazo. Nakuba ingavamile ukuba yingozi enkulu ezitshalweni, umsebenzi wayo ungabangela ukulimala kobuhle futhi, ezimweni ezivame kakhulu, ukwehla kwamandla ezitshalo.
Izimpawu nokuziphatha kwenyosi esika amaqabunga
La inyosi esika amaqabunga (Megachile spp.) ungowomndeni omkhulu wezinyosi ezihlala zodwa ezaziwa ngokuthi I-Megachilidae, etholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Ngokungafani nezinyosi zomphakathi, insikazi ngayinye izenzela isidleke sayo futhi inakekele inzalo yayo ngokuzimela.
- Usayizi: Phakathi kuka-8 no-15 mm, oqinile, nesisu esibanzi noboya engxenyeni ye-ventral (scopa) ukuthutha impova.
- Imibala: Ngokuvamile okumpunga okumnyama, okunsundu noma okumnyama, okunoboya obala okuvumela ukuthi kubonakale kalula.
- Imikhuba yokudla: Idla kakhulu umpe nempova, futhi isebenzisa izingcezu zamaqabunga kuphela esidlekeni sayo, hhayi ukudliwa.
Lezi zinyosi zicushwa ngesikhathi intwasahlobo nehlobo, ukufuna amaqabunga amathenda ukuze kunqunywe izingxenye ezivela emaphethelweni, okwenza ukusikeka okujwayelekile kakhulu okuyisiyingi noma kwe-semicircular. Le phethini iwuphawu oluyinhloko lokuba khona kwazo futhi isiza ukuhlukanisa umonakalo obangelwa ezinye izinambuzane, njengezibungu noma izintuthwane.
Izinyosi ze-leafcutter zakha kanjani izidleke zazo
Abesifazane usike ama-disc amaningana amaqabunga futhi uziyise emigodini yemvelo noma yokwenziwa lapho zizokwakha khona isidleke sazo. Basebenzisa:
- Iziqu ezingenalutho
- Izimbobo okhunini
- Imibukiso engaphansi komhlaba
- Izimbobo ezindongeni, ematsheni noma ngisho namagobolondo angenalutho
Ngaphakathi kwesidleke, izingcezu zamaqabunga zigoqwa ukuze zakheke amaseli ngamanye Bagcina ingxube yempova nompe, lapho bafaka khona iqanda. Lapho beqeda ingqamuzana, balivala ngezingcezu zeqabunga ezengeziwe bese bephinda le nqubo, ekugcineni bakheke Amaseli angama-20 esidlekeni ngasinyeIzibungu zisebenzisa izinsiza ezigciniwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo, zihlala zodwa ngokuphelele futhi zivikelwe yizindonga zezitshalo, okuthi, ngokusho kocwaningo, zingase zibe nezindawo zokulwa namagciwane.
Yiziphi izitshalo ezithintayo futhi zidala muphi umonakalo?
I-Las izitshalo ezithinteke kakhulu imvamisa:
- I-Roseales: Izihlahla zeRose, i-wisteria, i-lilac, i-rhododendron
- I-aromatics ne-legumes: I-sage, i-alfalfa, i-clover, isanqante, izivini
- Izihlahla zezithelo nezokuhlobisa: Izihlahla ze-cherry, amahalananda, ama-apula e-custard, izihlahla zokuhlobisa
El umonakalo omkhulu Iwubuhle, iziveza emaqabunga anemiphetho esikiwe, ivamise ukuma okuyingxenye yenyanga noma indilinga. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- Inyosi esika amaqabunga ayilidli iqabunga; sisebenzisa izingcezu kuphela esidlekeni saso, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile asihlubuki kakhulu noma sibe buthakathaka kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezitshalo esezivele zaba buthaka noma ukuhlaselwa okunamandla kakhulu.
Umphumela okhathaza kakhulu kubalimi yi- ukulahlekelwa inani lokuhlobisa zezitshalo ezithintekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusikeka kungaba imizila yokungena izifo fungal noma amagciwane, nakuba kungavamile ukuthi lokhu kulimala kubulale.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo yezinyosi ezisika amaqabunga
Lesi sinambuzane, kude nokubhekwa njengezinambuzane ezivamile, idlala indima ebalulekile ekutheleleni impova zezitshalo zasendle nezilinywayo. Ngokuthwala impova eningi enamathiselwe esiswini saso, ikhulisa ukuvundisa futhi ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwembewu nezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziningi.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo ekuzaleni: Ikhono layo lokuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemigodi lichaza ukuchichima kwayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo, kuhlanganise nezingadi zasemadolobheni kanye nezihlahla zezithelo.
- Isipesheli: Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zivakashela izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, ezinye zibonisa ukukhetha emindenini ethile yezitshalo, ezingase zisungule ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana kwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, Ukuqeda lezi zinyosi ngokungakhethi kungaba nomthelela omubi.Bangabambisene nabo ababalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza kwezolimo.
Ingabe kufanele uqede izinyosi ze-leafcutter?
Nakuba umonakalo wabo ngokuvamile okukha phezulu futhi ikakhulukazi ubuhle, kunezimo lapho kungase kudingeke khona ukulawula ukuba khona kwazo:
- Ukutheleleka okunzima: Lapho inani labantu liphezulu kangangokuthi lithinta impilo yonke yezitshalo noma kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa.
- Izitshalo zokuthengisa nezokuhlobisa: Ezindaweni zokunakekela izingane, izindawo ezinenani eliphezulu ezinamekwe umhlaba, noma izindawo zokugcina izithombo, umonakalo ungaba nomthelela wezomnotho uma ukubukeka kwezitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Izitshalo ezincane noma ezibuthakathaka: Kulezi zimo, ukusikeka kungabambezela ukukhula noma kubhebhethekise izifo.
Noma kunjalo, kunjalo Kungcono ukukhetha izindlela zokulawula ezinenhlonipho futhi ugweme ama-insecticide abanzi., uma kubhekwa ingozi yokulimaza ezinye izinambuzane kanye nokulimaza ibhalansi yemvelo engadini.
Indlela yokubona ubukhona bezinyosi ezisika amaqabunga
Ukuze wazi ukuthi unaso yini lesi sinambuzane engadini yakho, bheka lezi izimpawu ezingenakuphikwa:
- Izimbobo eziyindilinga noma ezinenyanga emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Ngokuvamile ziyizicucu ezihlanzekile, ezizihlukanisa nomonakalo ongavamile obangelwa ezinye izinambuzane.
- Imfucumfucu yamaqabunga noma sawdust phansi kwezitshalo, isibonakaliso somsebenzi kanye nesakhiwo sesidleke esingase sibe neziqu ezingenalutho noma izinkuni ezomile.
- Indiza esebenzayo ekuseni namahora apholile ekuseni, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Ezimweni eziningi, umonakalo ubangelwa owesifazane oyedwa, njengoba lezi zinyosi zisebenza ngazodwana, nakuba eziningana zingase zibe khona ezindaweni ezivumayo.
Ungaziqeda kanjani futhi uzivikele kanjani izinyosi ze-leafcutter engadini yakho
- Ukuvikela nokukhucululwa kwendle
- Susa izinsalela zezitshalo, amagatsha angenalutho nokhuni olubolayo lapho zingahlala khona. Futhi hlola amabhodwe, i-substrate, nezimbobo zokwenziwa.
- Susa iziqu ezomile noma izitshalo ezinezimbobo ezingenalutho ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kumasayithi okuzalela.
- Gcina isisekelo sezitshalo ne-substrate ihlanzekile yamaqabunga awile, ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu lapho izidleke zingacasha khona.
- Izithiyo ezingokomzimba
- Mboza izitshalo ezisengozini kakhulu ngamanethi, anezikhala ezinhle noma ngezingubo zokulala ezintantayo ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zomsebenzi omkhulu wezinyosi.
- Lezi zivikelo ezingokwenyama zivimbela izinyosi ekufinyeleleni amaqabunga, kodwa zivumela ukukhanya namanzi kudlule.
- Ukulawula ngomshini kanye nokukhohlisa isidleke
- Thola futhi susa noma ucekele phansi izidleke ezikhonjwa emagatsheni, eziqwini noma phansi, zihlale zigqoke amagilavu futhi zigwema ukulimaza ezinye izinhlobo eziwusizo.
- Ungavala izimbobo ze-stem nge ingcina emhlophe ukuvimba iminyango engase ibe khona ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda.
- Iziphikisi zemvelo
- Lungiselela i- isisombululo sensipho ukuhlambulula insipho ye-potassium noma okokugeza okuthambile (ingxenye eyodwa yensipho kuya ezingxenyeni eziyisithupha zamanzi) bese ufutha emaqabunga ukuze ungasikwa.
- El uviniga omhlophe ohlanjululwe (ingxenye eyodwa kaviniga ezingxenyeni ezimbili zamanzi) ingafafazwa ezitshalweni ezithintekile. Ngaphezu kokuxosha ukutheleleka kwefungal, kuyasiza ukuvimbela.
- Ungafaka isicelo umlotha ku-substrate ezungeze isiqu ukuze kuqiniswe ukuvikeleka nokuhlinzeka ngemisoco.
- Nakuba kungavamile, i-dilute potassium permanganate nayo isetshenziswa njengesithiyo semvelo ezimweni ezinzima.
- Amabhokisi e-Nest namahhotela ezinambuzane
- Ihlinzeka ngezinye izindawo zokukhosela (amahhotela ezinambuzane noma izindlu zezidleke) ezindaweni ezikude nezitshalo zakho ezibalulekile ukuze uqondise inyosi kude nendawo yenkinga.
- Lezi zindawo zokukhosela zingathengwa noma zenziwe kusetshenziswa izitini zokhuni ezinezimbobo, umhlanga omisiwe, noma amashubhu amakhadibhodi.
- Zibeke ezindaweni ezinelanga, ezivikelwe yimvula ezinezimbali eziningi eduze ukuze ukhuthaze ukuzalela ngaphandle kwendawo ebucayi.
- Ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali (kuphela njengendlela yokugcina)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe izinambuzane ezithile njenge-cypermethrin, i-chlorpyrifos noma i-phosalone kufanele icatshangelwe kuphela ezimweni zokuhlasela okukhulu futhi ngaphansi kweseluleko sochwepheshe, njengoba ingalimaza kakhulu izilwane eziwusizo zengadi.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ane-spectrum ebanzi futhi ungalokothi uwafake ngqo emaqabunga, njengoba angeke aphumelele ekuvimbeleni ukusikeka uma izimbali zisondela.
- Ukulawulwa kochwepheshe
- Uma ukuhlaselwa kuqhubeka futhi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu, thintana izinsiza ezikhethekile zokulawula izinambuzane ukuhlola isu elingcono kakhulu.
- Ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukumisa izicupho ezithile futhi baqaphe ukuqhubeka kwenkinga ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye i-pollinator noma imvelo.
Ingabe inyosi ye-leafcutter iyingozi?
Akulona uhlobo olunolaka futhi akuvamile ukuhlaba abantu. Udosi lwazo alunamandla, futhi zisebenzisa ukuzivikela kuphela uma zizizwa zivaleleke noma zibanjiwe. Labo abazwela kakhulu ukulunywa kufanele baphathe izidleke ngokuqapha futhi okungcono bagqoke amagilavu.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane ezibhekwa njengezinambuzane, inyosi esika amaqabunga ayifaki isandla ekulawulweni kwezinto eziphilayo kwezinye izinambuzane, kodwa ayincintisani kabi nezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zomphakathi noma iminyovu.
Ilukuluku nemibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini ehlukanisa inyosi ye-leafcutter kwezinye izinyosi?
La i-ventral scopa, uboya obungaphansi kwesisu ababusebenzisela ukuthutha impova, kuyisici esihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba wabo wokusika amaqabunga namacembe esidlekeni uhlukile emhlabeni wezinyosi.
Ingabe zonke izinyosi zisika amaqabunga?
Cha. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ze-Megachile zenza, kunezinyosi emndenini we-Megachilidae ezisebenzisa ezinye izinto (ama-resins, ubumba, imicu yezitshalo). Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zize zibulale izidleke zezinye izinyosi ezisika amaqabunga.
Ingabe kufanele zisuswe kuzo zonke izingadi?
Cha. Ngaphandle kwasemapulazini akhethekile noma uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, Kutuswa ukugcina ukuhlalisana futhi kususwe kuphela inani labantu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezingabhubhisi, njengamahhotela ezinambuzane noma imigoqo yesikhashana ebonakalayo.
Ingabe zingatholakala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni?
Yebo. Zivamile emapaki, izingadi ezizimele, namavulandi anezimbiza, njengoba noma imuphi umgodi otholakalayo nezimbali eziseduze zanele ukuba zizinze.