La Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye neqhaza eliyisisekelo lezihlahla Zimelela enye yezinsika eziyinhloko zokusimama kwemvelo kanye nokulingana kwemvelo kweplanethi yethu. Ukubuyiselwa kwehlathi ngokutshala, ukulondolozwa nokuphathwa kwezindawo zezihlahla kubalulekile ukuze kuliwe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, vikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, unciphise ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi uqinisekise inhlalakahle yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.
Kuyini ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi futhi kungani kubalulekile kulo mhlaba?
La ukugawulwa kwamahlathi inqubo eyenziwa ngayo ibuyisela ikhava yezitshalo ezindaweni ezilahlekelwe ukumbozwa kwamahlathi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi okungalawuleki, imililo, izinambuzane, ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Lo mkhuba uba isu eliyisisekelo le buyisela izimiso zemvelo ezilimele, qinisekisa ukukhiqiza komhlabathi futhi ulwe nogwadule.
Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwadlondlobala ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu efana nokulima nokwanda kwemfuyo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha okungalawuleki, izimayini nokugawulwa kwemithi. Umphumela uba ukulahleka kwehlathi, okubangela ugwadule kanye kunciphisa ukuvunda komhlabathi, ngaphezu kokunciphisa amandla alezi zimiso zemvelo okugcina ikhabhoni nokulawula isimo sezulu.
Izinhlobo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: Kuyasebenza futhi kungenzi lutho
La ukugawulwa kwamahlathi Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi okusebenzayo: Kubandakanya ukutshalwa kwezihlahla okwenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ezindaweni ezazicekeleke phansi phambilini. Kuyindlela evame kakhulu kuma-ecosystems lapho amandla okuvuselelwa kwemvelo encipha futhi a ukusheshisa ukukhula kwehlathi.
- Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: Isekelwe ekuvumeleni imvelo ukuba isebenze, ukuvumela ihlathi ukuba lizivuselele ngokwalo, ngaphandle kokungenelela okuqondile, lapho kusekhona imbewu, izitshalo ezincane noma izakhi emhlabathini.
Zombili izindlela ziyasebenza futhi zingahlanganiswa kuye ngesimo sokucekelwa phansi kwendawo kanye nezinjongo zemvelo nezenhlalo zephrojekthi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zemvelo, ngoba ukuzivumelanisa kangcono endaweni ezungezile kanye neqhaza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Inqubo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi: izigaba, izinselelo, nezihluthulelo zempumelelo
- Ukuhlolwa kwesayithi kanye nokuxilongwaUcwaningo oluningiliziwe lubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe izici zendawo, izinga lenhlabathi nokwakheka kwayo, ukutholakala kwamanzi, isimo sezulu, kanye nomthelela wangaphambili wokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuvumela ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo nezindlela ezifanele kakhulu..
- Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zezilwaneKunconywa ukusebenzisa izihlahla nezihlahla zendabuko, njengoba zikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwemvelo kanye nokusinda kokutshalwa okusha. Ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo nakho kusiza ekuqiniseni ukuqina kwe-ecosystem.
- Ukulungiswa komhlabaNgokuya ngesimo sendawo, ukususwa kwemfucumfucu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-substrate, ukulawulwa kwezimila ezihlaselayo, nokuchazwa kwezindawo zokutshala kungase kudingeke.
- Ukutshala nokuhlwanyelaKunconywa ukutshala ngezikhathi lapho izimo zezulu zivuma ukukhula kwezimpande nokukhula kwezithombo, njengenkathi yemvula. Ukuminyana kanye nezindlela zokutshala ziyahlukahluka kuye nge-ecosystem nezinjongo (ihlathi lokukhosela, ihlathi elikhiqizayo, ihlathi elixubile, njll.).
- Ukunakekela nokuqapha: Kuhlanganisa ukuchelela okungeziwe ezigabeni zokuqala, ukulawula ukhula, ukuvikela izinambuzane, ukutshala kabusha uma kwenzeka kufa, nokuqapha ukukhula nempilo yezihlahla ezintsha.
Ukunqoba izinselele ezifana nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo, ukuvunda okuncane komhlabathi noma imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudinga a ukuhlela okuphelele nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezenzo zemfundo ezikhuthaza ukunakekelwa nokwazisa kwamahlathi abuyiselwe.
Izinzuzo zemvelo nezenhlalo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi nezihlahla
Umthelela wokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nokuba khona kwezihlahla kuhumushela ekubeni okuningi izinzuzo zemvelo, zezenhlalo nezomnotho:
- Ukuthathwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezuluAmahlathi ayizinki ze-carbon engokwemvelo, ezimunca isikhutha esikhulu futhi asize ekubambezeleni ukwanda kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuyithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokulwa nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
- Ukongiwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayoIzihlahla zihlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala, umthunzi kanye nokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo, okuvumela ukutholakala kwawo wonke umhlaba kanye nemvelo.
- Ukuvikelwa komhlabathi nokuvuselelwa kabushaUxhaxha lwezimpande zesihlahla lusimamisa umhlabathi, lunciphisa ukuguguleka, futhi luthuthukise ukuvunda komhlabathi ngokunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukwenza ngcono izinga lomoya namanziIzitshalo zihlunga ukungcola, uthuli, impova, intuthu, nomlotha, zimunca futhi zihlanze umoya futhi zibe nesandla ekutholakaleni kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngokulawulwa kwezindawo ezitholakala emanzini.
- Ukulawulwa kwe-MicroclimateAmahlathi athonya imvula, alawula umswakama wendawo ezungezile, alondoloze izinga lokushisa elizinzile, futhi anikeze nezikhala ezidambisa umsindo endaweni.
- Inhlalakahle yomuntu nenhlalakahleUkuchitha isikhathi ezindaweni zemvelo kunciphisa ukucindezeleka, kuthuthukisa impilo yengqondo nengokwenyama, futhi kuqinisa umuzwa womphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezigaywe kabusha zingaba izindawo zokungcebeleka nezokungcebeleka.
- Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okusimemeAmahlathi angumthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo yamahlathi okungewona amapulangwe, ukudla, imithi, futhi akhiqiza imisebenzi ehlobene nokuphathwa kwawo, ukubuyiselwa kwawo, nokongiwa kwawo.
Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kunomthelela ekuhlanganiseni imiphakathi, kugqugquzele ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokukhuthaza imfundo yezemvelo, kwakha ukuqwashisa ngokuhlanganyela ngesidingo sokulondoloza nokuvuselela iplanethi yethu.
Ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, ukulondolozwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: indima yamaphrojekthi omhlaba
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuye kwagqama phakathi kwamasu okulondoloza umhlaba kanye namasu okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Izinhlelo ezifana UN-REDD y I-REDD + Ziye zakhuthazwa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zinciphise ukungcola okuvela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi ngokuphathwa okusimeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweziqiwi zekhabhoni.
- Ukulinganisa nokuqinisekisaAmaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana nokuzwela kude kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi lwendawo ukuze kuqashwe ukukhula kwamahlathi, ukubala isitokwe sekhabhoni, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela.
- Izikweletu zeCarbonUkutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamakhredithi ekhabhoni, ithuluzi elithungatha ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, elikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi likhuthaze ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zomnotho.
- Izinzuzo zesibambisoNgaphezu kokumunca ikhabhoni, amaphrojekthi e-REDD+ afuna ukubandakanya imiphakathi yendawo, ukubuyisela izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo ezidumile, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla, nokugcina ukulingana kwamanzi.
Impumelelo yalezi zinhlelo incike ekuhlolweni okuqinile, ukubika, nokuqinisekisa, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, imboni ezimele, izinhlangano, kanye nemiphakathi.
Izithiyo nezinselele ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi: Yini evimbela ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi?
Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezinkulu zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, kunezithiyo okumelwe kubhekwane nazo ukuze kufezwe amaphrojekthi aphumelelayo nehlala njalo:
- Izimo zemvelo ezimbi: Isomiso esiphindelelayo, inhlabathi eyonakele, ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu zithiya ukuphila kwezithombo nokukhula kwamahlathi amasha.
- Ukushoda kwezinsiza nokuxhaswa ngezimaliAmaphrojekthi amaningi antula uxhaso oludingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokunakekelwa.
- Ulwazi olungaqondile kanye nokuqwashisa ngemvelo okuphansi: Ukuntuleka kolwazi kungakhawulela ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinsiza ze-ecosystem ezinikezwa izihlahla.
- Ingcindezi yezenhlalo nezomnothoEzindaweni ezithile, ukwanda kwezolimo, ukwanda kwamadolobha, nesidingo sezinkuni kuyaqhubeka kubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.
- Izinkimbinkimbi zobuchwephesheUkukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, ukubala amanani ekhabhoni, nokuqapha ngempumelelo izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi kudinga ubuchwepheshe nobuchwepheshe.
Ukunqoba lezi zinselele kudinga indlela edidiyelwe, ukusetshenziswa kolwazi lwesayensi, ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zomphakathi, nokubambisana phakathi kwabo bonke ababambiqhaza.
Izibonelo ezikhuthazayo zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi namaphrojekthi
Emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo athinteke kakhulu ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kuye kwaqaliswa izinhlelo eziyisibonelo zokuvuselela amahlathi. Ngezansi izibonelo nezinhlelo ezenze umehluko:
- Amaphrojekthi omphakathiUkutshala izihlahla, okuholwa izakhamuzi, izinhlangano, kanye nama-NGO, kubuyisele ngempumelelo izindawo ezomile nezindawo ezithinteke ngenxa yokusha kwamahlathi, okubandakanya izikole namavolontiya.
- Imizamo yomhlaba wonkeIzinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nePlant for the Planet zihlanganise abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi batshale izigidi zezihlahla futhi baqwashise ngobulungiswa besimo sezulu.
ESpain nakwezinye izifunda, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo nohulumeni basungule amaphrojekthi amaningi. Izibonelo ezivelele zihlanganisa:
- I-Oak eyodwa: Isiqalo esikhuthaza ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ngemva kokusha, ukusebenza nezilwane zomdabu futhi okubandakanya ochwepheshe nomphakathi.
- Amahlathi: I-NGO igxile ekubuyiseleni imvelo eyonakele ngokutshala nokunakekela izihlahla zomdabu kanye nemisebenzi yokufundisa ngemvelo.
- Tshala Iplanethi: Umbutho womhlaba wonke okhuthaza ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ngokugxila kwezemfundo, obandakanya izingane kanye nentsha njengamanxusa esimo sezulu.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi? Amasu nezenzo ezibalulekile
Impumelelo enkulu yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi incike ekuhlanganiseni izenzo zomhlaba, zendawo nezomuntu siqu:
- Ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo zamazwe ngamazwe: Bamba iqhaza futhi usekele izinhlelo ezifana ne-UN-REDD ne-REDD+ ezigxile ekubuyiselweni, ukongiwa, nokuphathwa ngendlela eqhubekayo kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ezenzweni zendawo: Joyina noma uqale imiklamo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi emphakathini wakini, kungaba ngokuhlela izinsuku zokutshala, ukubuyisela amapaki asemadolobheni, noma ukusebenzisana nama-NGO akhethekile.
- Imfundo nokuqwashisaYazisa futhi ufundise umphakathi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi kanye nokubaluleka kokubuyiselwa kwawo. Ushintsho lwamasiko nezemfundo luyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwesikhathi eside kwamaphrojekthi.
- Ukukhuthaza izinqubomgomo nemithetho: Ukuthuthukisa imithetho ekhuthaza ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, ukuvikela amahlathi akhona, kanye nokujezisa imisebenzi ebangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
- Ukuthuthukisa umnotho oluhlaza: Sekela amamodeli okukhiqiza esimeme, ukhuthaze ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamasu okubuyisela, futhi uthuthukise imikhiqizo yamahlathi nezinsizakalo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo.
Ukubaluleka kwezihlahla: imisebenzi eyinhloko emhlabeni
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygenIzihlahla ziguqula i-carbon dioxide ibe umoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis, ibalulekile empilweni eMhlabeni.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayoCishe u-80% wezinto eziphilayo eziphila emhlabeni uncike ngokuqondile kuma-ecosystems asehlathini ukuze uphile.
- Ukuhlunga kwamanzi kanye nokulawulwaAmahlathi alawula umjikelezo wamanzi, avikela izindawo eziwumfula, futhi avimbele izinhlekelele zemvelo njengezikhukhula noma isomiso esibi.
- Ukunciphisa umsindo kanye nenhlalakahle ethuthukisiweIzindawo ezinamapulangwe zinciphisa umsindo ozungezile futhi zinikeze izindawo zokungcebeleka nempilo yengqondo.
- Umthombo wezinsiza namasevisi e-ecosystemIzihlahla zihlinzeka ngokhuni, izithelo, izinhlaka, imithi, kanye nokulawula isimo sezulu nokuvikela umhlabathi ekugugulekeni.
Ukubaluleka kokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kanye nezihlahla akukhona nje kuphela ekubuyiseleni izindawo ezonakele, kodwa nasekuqinisekiseni ukuphila nokuphila kahle kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ngokuthola izinsiza ezibalulekile, ukunqanda ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokudala imiphakathi enempilo futhi eqinile. Ukwamukela umqondo osimeme ukunakekelwa kwemvelo nokubuyiselwa Namuhla kunanini ngaphambili, kuyindlela eya ekusasa elinobunye neliqhubekayo.
