Ulethisi (I-Lactuca sativa) ingenye yemifino ebonga kakhulu etshalwa ezimbizeni noma ezindaweni zokutshala, ngisho nasezindaweni ezincane ezifana namasimu, amavulandi, ovulandi, noma izindawo zangaphakathi ezikhanyiswe kahle. Igqame ngakho isivinini sokukhula, ukutshala kalula nokuvumelana nezimo, okukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele amaqabunga amasha, acwebile alungele amasaladi nezitsha ezinempilo unyaka wonke. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda okwengeziwe. Indlela yokutshala ulethisi ebhodweni isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kanye namathiphu okuphumelela kusukela embewu yokuqala noma izithombo.
Yini okufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokutshala ulethisi ezimbizeni?
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulima, kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izidingo eziyisisekelo:
- Inkathi yokukhula: Ulethisi ungahlwanyelwa futhi utshalwe kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nendawo.
- Ukujula kokuhlwanyela: Imbewu incane kakhulu futhi kufanele imbozwe nge-substrate engu-0,5 cm kuphela.
- Usayizi webhodwe: I-lettuce ngayinye idinga isitsha esingaba 3 kuya ku-10 amalitha, hhayi ngempela ukujula kakhulu.
- Ukukhanya nendawo: Ikhetha ukukhanya kwelanga eliqondile ekwindla, ebusika, nasentwasahlobo; ehlobo, kungcono ukuyibeka emthunzini omncane noma emthunzini oyingxenye.
- Ukunisela: Kudinga ukugcina i-substrate ihlale imanzi, kodwa ingagcwali.
- Obhalisile: Ayifuni kakhulu, nakuba ithokozela umnikelo wezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezitshalo.
- Ukuvuna: Amaqabunga angaqala ukuvunwa emavikini angu-6-12, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nezimo.
Izinhlobo zikalethisi ezizokhula ezimbizeni
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo zokutshala ulethisi yi- anhlobonhlobo izinhlobo nemibala ongazithola. Kusukela ku-Romanilla yakudala, i-Maravilla, noma i-Batavia, kuya kwezinhlobo ezinamahlamvu abomvu, i-lollo rosso, ezisontekile, noma ezinamaqabunga e-oki. Ezinye izinhlobo zendabuko nezendawo (njengendlebe yembongolo yaseChiclana, isundu saseCanary Island esimnyama, iMoronda yaseMadrid, noma i-Inca enciam d'hivern) ihlinzeka ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuzivumelanisa kangcono nesimo sezulu esifundeni ngasinye.
Khetha okuhlukahlukene kucatshangelwa ukumelana nokubanda/ukushisa, ukumila kwamaqabunga kanye nemvamisa yokuvunaUma ukhula ehlobo, khetha izinhlobo ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ezinomjikelezo omfushane; ekwindla/ebusika, beka phambili izinhlobo ezikwazi ukumelana nokubanda noma ezilungele ukuhluma.
Izinyathelo zokuhlwanyela nokuhluma imbewu ye-ulethisi
Kumbili ongakhetha kukho: ukuhlwanyela ngqo ebhodweni elihlala njalo noma ethreyini yembewu/yezithombo bese utshala kabusha. Inketho yesibili ikhethwa Qinisekisa impumelelo ngokukhetha izithombo ezingcono kakhulu nokusebenzisa kahle indawo..
- Gcwalisa ithreyi lezithombo noma ibhodwe elincane ngengxube exekethile ye i-coconut fiber kanye ne-worm castings (noma inhlabathi ephilayo nesihlabathi esincane/i-vermiculite).
- Beka imbewu engu-3-4 ngaphezulu. Cindezela kancane ngeminwe yakho bese umboza ngendwangu encane ye-substrate, engekho ngaphezu kuka-0,5 cm.
- Nisela ngobumnene ngebhodlela lesifutho, ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi.
- Gcina umbhede wembewu izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi (15º ukuya ku-20ºC) nokukhanya okuhle kwemvelo. Imbewu iqhuma ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-10. Umswakama oqhubekayo uyisihluthulelo, kodwa akufanele neze kube nokunisela ngokweqile.
- Lapho ama-cotyledons okuqala (amaqabunga ayindilinga amancane) evela, khetha isithombo esiqine kakhulu bese ususa okusele ngesikele esihle.
- Vumela isitshalo se-ulethisi sikhule size sibe namaqabunga eqiniso angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Indlela yokutshala ulethisi ebhodweni lokugcina
- Khetha ibhodwe okungenani 3 litre umthamo (okungcono 20-30 cm ukushona), enezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
- Lungisa i-substrate ngokuxuba i-humus, inhlabathi ephilayo kanye ne-perlite ethile ukwenza ngcono amanzi.
- Bamba umgodi olingana nebhola lempande, ngaphandle kokungcwaba "intamo" yesithombo (iphuzu lapho amaqabunga ajoyina khona) ukuvimbela ukubola.
- Beka isitshalo, usigcwalise bese usicindezela kancane.
- Nisela ngokulinganisela bese wengeza ungqimba lwemboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla (amahlamvu omile, utshani) ukugcina umswakama.
- Ezitshalweni, shiya cishe 15-20 cm phakathi kwezitshaloUma utshala engadini eyisikwele, ungatshala amalethisi angu-4-6 ngesikwele esingu-30x30 cm.
Ukunakekela ulethisi osebhodweni
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Ulethisi uthanda indawo epholile, emanzi.Idinga amahora angu-4-6 okukhanya kwelanga, nakuba ingakhula kahle emthunzini omncane. Ngaphakathi, beka ibhodwe eduze kwefasitela elibheke eningizimu-mpumalanga elikhanyayo. Uma ilanga lishisa kakhulu noma isimo sezulu sishisa, livikele ngendwangu yomthunzi omuhle noma ulibeke emthunzini oyingxenye.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo futhi kulinganisele, kuhlale kunomswakama kodwa kugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukubeka isoso ngaphansi kwebhodwe kusiza isitshalo ukuthi simunce amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-capillary action, kodwa khipha noma yimaphi amanzi amaningi ukuze uvimbele ukubola. Uma amaqabunga ebukeka exhuga noma enamathiphu omile, kuwuphawu lokuntuleka kwamanzi.
Umanyolo kanye ne-substrate
Emjikelezweni wawo wokuqala, ulethisi udla izakhamzimba ezitholakalayo. Uma uzophinda usebenzise i-substrate, engeza ezimbalwa i-worm humus noma umquba ngaphambi kokubuyisela. Izimvula ezinamandla zingageza imisoco, ngakho-ke umthamo owengeziwe akuwona umqondo omubi ngalezi zikhathi.
Izinambuzane nezifo ezivamile ekulinyweni kwe-ulethisi
Nakuba ulethisi ayivamisile ukuhlaselwa kanzima, ingathinteka yilokhu:
- Izintwala: Zihlasela amahlumela athambile. Ukuchaphaza kwamanzi noma i-garlic maceration kungasiza ukuwaqeda.
- Izimpukane ezimhlophe namathrips: Qaphela amaqabunga anamathelayo noma anamabala. Izicupho zemibala zivame ukusebenza kahle.
- Iminenke nama-slugs: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ngemva kwemvula. Beka izithiyo ezibonakalayo noma amagobolondo amaqanda ukuze uwavimbele.
- Isikhunta: Gwema ukufafaza futhi ungamanzisi amaqabunga; kungcono ukuchelela phansi kwesitshalo.
Nini futhi kanjani ukuvuna ulethisi?
Ungenza a ukuvunwa okuqhubekayo kwamaqabunga angaphandle Lapho zifinyelela usayizi oyifunayo, zigcina ihlumela eliphakathi liqinile ukuze liqhubeke lihluma. Ungakwazi futhi ukusika sonke isitshalo uma sesakhiwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nesimo sezulu, ungaqala phakathi kwamasonto ayisi-6 kuya kwayi-12 ngemva kokutshala.
Umkhuba wokuvuna amaqabunga "ngokufunwa" uqinisekisa njalo ulethisi omusha futhi unweba ukukhiqizwa ngamaviki ambalwa.
Amathiphu okugcina ulethisi unempilo futhi umnandi
- Gwema ukushisa okudlulele kanye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo ehlobo ukuze uvimbele ukuthi zingahluma. futhi baba.
- Ukuhlwanyela okunyakazayo njalo emavikini ama-2 izoqinisekisa isivuno esiqhubekayo kanye namahlamvu amasha atholakala njalo.
- Ama-lettuce angahlanganiswa neminye imifino efana notamatisi, u-anyanisi, ama-radishes, u-garlic, noma izitshalo ezinamakha.
- Uma ufuna ukukhiqiza imbewu, yeka ezinye izitshalo zihlume futhi uqoqe imbewu eyomisiwe, uzigcine ezikhwameni zephepha.
Ukuqala ingadi yesitsha nge-ulethisi ilungele abaqalayo: bathatha indawo encane, badinga ukulungiswa okulula, futhi banikeze ukwaneliseka okusheshayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukene nokusebenzisa ukuchelela nokuncipha okuvamile, ungajabulela amasaladi amasha, anempilo amasonto nezinyanga usuka ekhaya lakho, kungakhathaliseki indawo yakho noma isipiliyoni. Ungangabazi ukuhlola izitshalo ezilandelanayo nezinhlobonhlobo zendawo—isitsha sakho nezitsha zakho kuzokubonga!
