Ukunakekela utshani bakho kanye nokuzuza leyongqimba ewugqinsi, eluhlaza, futhi enempilo engadini yakho kudinga okungaphezu nje kokunisela noma ukugunda okuvamile. Enye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zokugcina nokuvuselela impilo yotshani ukunakekelwa okufanele. obhalisile ojwayelekileKulo mhlahlandlela, uzofunda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungavundisa nini utshani bakho nokuthi ukwenze kanjani ngendlela efanele, kanye nezinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zomanyolo, izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzithathe, amaphutha avame kakhulu, namanye amathiphu athuthukile azothuthukisa ukubukeka nokuqina kwengadi yakho.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuvundisa utshani?
Utshani, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, kukhishwa izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kusukela enhlabathini ukukhula futhi uhlale unamandla. Nokho, ukuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugunda okuvamile, nezimo zemvelo ziqeda lezi zakhi. Ukuntuleka kwezakhi otshanini kubangela ukukhula okubuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa umbala, amabala anempandla, ukwanda kwe-moss, ukhula nokwanda kokungenwa yizinambuzane nezifo..
Ukubhalisa kuyindlela esebenzayo futhi esebenzayo yoku gcwalisa lezi zakhi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi utshani bubukeka buluhlaza, buluhlaza ngokujulile, futhi bulungele kangcono ukumelana nokunyathelwa, isomiso, nezinye izici ezimbi. Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuvundisa yilezi:
- Ikhuthaza ukukhula okunamandla nokufana.
- Ithuthukisa umbala oluhlaza ojulile, onempilo.
- Iqinisa ukumelana nezifo, izinambuzane kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
- Isiza ukubhekana nengcindezi ebangelwa ukushisa, amakhaza noma ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Uvundisa nini utshani bakho? Izikhathi ezibalulekile kanye nemvamisa
Isikhathi sokufakwa kukamanyolo sibaluleke njengohlobo lwawo. Ukufaka umquba utshani bakho ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile. ukuze imisoco imunceke kahle futhi isitshalo sithole inzuzo enkulu kakhulu. Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zonyaka yilezi:
- PrimaveraUmnikelo oyinhloko wezakhi kufanele wenziwe lapho utshani buvuka ngemva kobusika. Ukukhula kuvuselelwe, futhi umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen ubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga nezimpande.
- IhloboEzifundeni ezinehlobo elishisayo, elomile, ukuvundiswa okwengeziwe kungase kuhleleke, ikakhulukazi uma utshani bulimele kakhulu. Ama-fertilizer ane-potassium ephezulu ayanconywa ukwandisa ukumelana kwawo nokushisa nesomiso.
- I-OtoñoUkuvundisa ekwindla kuyisihluthulelo sokulungiselela utshani bakho ebusika. Umanyolo kufanele ucebe nge-phosphorus ne-potassium futhi ube ne-nitrogen encane ukuze uqinise izimpande futhi uzisize zilulame kangcono entwasahlobo elandelayo.
- inviernoNgaphandle kwesimo sezulu esipholile kanye nemikhiqizo ethile, ngokuvamile akudingekile ukuvundisa ebusika.
Kufanele ngivundise kangaki? Ezitshalweni eziningi, izicelo ezimbili kuya kwezine ngonyaka (okungenani intwasahlobo nekwindla) zanele. Uma utshani bulimele kakhulu noma bugundwe njalo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, njalo kulandelwa izincomo zomkhiqizi womanyolo.
Yiziphi izakhamzimba ezidinga utshani? I-NPK kanye nama-micronutrients
Izakhamzimba ezibalulekile zotshani zifingqiwe kakhulu kuma-akhronimi I-NPK:
- I-nitrogen (N): Ikhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo futhi inikeza umbala oluhlaza ojulile.
- I-Phosphorus (P): Ithuthukisa ukukhula kwezimpande futhi isiza ekubuyiseni nasekusungulweni kotshani.
- I-Potassium (K): Yandisa ukumelana nezifo, isomiso, isithwathwa kanye nokucindezeleka kwemishini.
Ezinye izakhamzimba zesibili nama-micronutrients ezifana i-magnesium, i-iron, i-calcium ne-trace elements nazo zibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, insimbi ithuthukisa umbala oluhlaza futhi ilwa nobulembu.
Izinhlobo zikamanyolo wotshani
Kunezinketho eziningi emakethe namuhla, futhi ukukhethwa kukamanyolo kuncike ezidingweni zotshani, isikhathi esitholakalayo sokunakekelwa, kanye nezinhloso zokusimama:
Umanyolo wamaminerali noma wamakhemikhali
- Umanyolo okhishwa ngokushesha: Bahlinzeka ngemisoco efinyeleleka ngokushesha, elungele ukululama ngokushesha utshani obubuthakathaka, nakuba umphumela wabo uphela ngokushesha futhi ungakhuthaza ukucwiliswa.
- Ama-fertilizer akhulula kancane noma alawulwayo: Ehlanganiswe kuma-granules, akhulula imisoco kancane kancane, egcina ukudla okunomsoco, ukunciphisa ingozi yokushiswa noma ukuvundisa ngokweqile.
- Umanyolo ohlanganisiweAmanye ama-fertilizer afaka nama-herbicides noma ama-moss killers. Lezi ziwusizo ezinkingeni ezithile, kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokulandela zonke izincomo zokuphepha nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.
Umanyolo wemvelo
- umquba: Ihlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba, ithuthukisa ukwakheka kanye nempilo ye-microbial yomhlabathi.
- Umquba (inkukhu, inkomo, njll.): Kucebile ngemisoco kanye nokukhululwa kancane.
- Ama-fertilizer okhula lwasolwandle, ama-worm castings, njll.: Athuthukisa i-substrate futhi azuzise impilo yonke yotshani.
Inzuzo kamanyolo wemvelo ukuthi athuthukisa inhlabathi esikhathini eside futhi abe nomthelela ophansi kwemvelo, nakuba imiphumela yawo ihamba kancane. Kukhona futhi umanyolo wezohwebo wemvelo, kuma-granules noma oketshezini, ikakhulukazi otshanini.
Umanyolo woketshezi
Azijwayelekile ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya ngoba zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ngezifutho noma amathini okunisela. Umphumela wabo uyashesha kakhulu, kodwa futhi ahlakazeka ngokushesha kunama-solids.
Kuzo zonke izimo, ifayela le- Ukwakheka komanyolo kumele kuhambisane nesikhathi sonyaka kanye nezidingo ezithile zomhlabathi.Ukuhlaziya umhlabathi kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokunquma ngomanyolo ofanele kakhulu kanye nomthamo.
Indlela yokuvundisa utshani bakho isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- UkulungiselelaNgaphambi kokuvundisa, gunda utshani ukuze umanyolo ufinyelele emhlabathini. Uma inhlabathi yomile, nisela kancane amahora ambalwa ngaphambili.
- Ukukhetha kanye nomthamoKhetha umanyolo ofanele bese ulandela umthamo onconyiwe. Umanyolo owengeziwe akusho imiphumela engcono futhi wandisa ingozi yokusha nokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
- Ukusabalalisa okulinganayoSebenzisa isipredishithi uma kungenzeka ukuze uzuze ngokulinganayo. Uma ufaka umanyolo mathupha, hlukanisa ingadi ibe amazoni bese ufaka emigqeni enqamulayo ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphindeka noma izindawo ezingabanjwanga.
- Ngemuva kokunisela: Nisela utshani bakho ngemva kokufaka umanyolo ukuze usize ukuncibilikisa futhi uhlanganise umanyolo futhi unciphise ingozi yokusha.
- Ungavundisi ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu noma umoya onamandla: Yenza umsebenzi ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa lapho izinga lokushisa lipholile.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho uvundisa utshani bakho nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani
- Faka umanyolo oweqile: Ukunikeza ngaphezu kwenani elinconyiwe kungashisa utshani futhi kungcolise amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
- Hlakaza ngokungalingani: Ukushiya izindawo zingavundisiwe noma ukufaka umquba ngokweqile kwezinye kushintsha ukukhula futhi kungabangela amabala noma izindawo ezinempandla.
- Unganiseli ngemva kokuvundisaNgaphandle kwamanzi, umanyolo awungeni kahle futhi ungalimaza amaqabunga.
- Faka isicelo esimweni sezulu esingesihle: Ukufaka umanyolo ngezinsuku ezinomoya, imvula enamandla, noma ukushisa okukhulu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kwandisa ingozi yomonakalo.
- Ukunganaki ukuhlaziya umhlabathi: Ukufaka umanyolo ngaphandle kokwazi isimo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi kungaholela kukho kokubili ukuntuleka kwezakhi kanye nokweqisa.
- Ukwehluleka ukuhlonipha izikhawu zokuvundisa:Ukufaka umanyolo kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngemikhiqizo ekhishwa ngokushesha, kungasuthisa inhlabathi futhi kungakhiqizi.
- Ungasebenzisi isivikelo: Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha umanyolo ngamagilavu ukuze ugweme ubuthi noma ukucasuka futhi uwugcine endaweni lapho izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona.
Ukunakekelwa okuhambisanayo kotshani obuphelele
Ukufakela umquba kungenye yezinqubo zokuba notshani obunempilo nobuhle. Abanye imisebenzi ebalulekile faka:
- Ukunisela okulawulwayoNisela kancane, mhlawumbe ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka nokukhula kwesikhunta. Ukunisela okujulile, ngokwezikhala kungcono kunokunisela okungashoni kakhulu.
- Ukugunda nokumboza kahle: Gcina i-blade ibukhali futhi ugeze utshani njalo, ulungise ubude bokusika ngokuvumelana nenkathi. umbhede (ukushiya iziqeshana otshanini) kungasiza ukugaywa kabusha kwemisoco uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele futhi kungakhi ukwakheka kwezinto ezomile.
- Ifakwe umoya futhi ishaqiwe: Ukubhoboza inhlabathi nge-aerator kuvumela umoya-mpilo, amanzi, nezakhamzimba ukuthi zifinyelele kangcono ezimpandeni. I-scarifying isusa ungqimba lwe-matting (imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-moss) enqwabelene esisekelweni.
- Ukulawula ukhula nobulembuUtshani obuvundiswe kahle futhi obunakekelwa bumelana kakhulu nokuhlasela, kodwa uma kwenzeka, sebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhethiwe futhi ungalokothi usebenzise ngokweqile imichiza yokubulala ukhula yamakhemikhali.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezifoUkuvundisa ngokulinganisela, kanye nokunisela nokugunda ngendlela efanele, kusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi. Qaphela futhi uphendule ngezimpawu zokuqala.
Amathiphu athuthukile nokusimama ekuvundiseni
Kulabo abafuna ukuqhubekela phambili futhi bakhulise impilo yotshani ngokuzibophezela:
- Yenza ukuhlaziya umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile: Ngale ndlela uzokwazi ukushoda ngokuqondile futhi ukwazi ukukhetha umanyolo ofanele.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zikamanyolo ngokuya ngesiziniIsibonelo, sebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen entwasahlobo kanye nengxube ye-potassium ne-phosphorus ekwindla.
- Ungasebenzisi kabi umanyolo wamakhemikhali: Beka kuqala imikhiqizo ekhishwa kancane noma izinketho ezilungele imvelo ukuze uvikele umhlabathi nendawo ezungezile.
- Gwema ukukhokha ngokweqile uma unezilwane ezifuywayo noma izingane ezincane..
- Sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukusikeka kusukela ekugundani njengomanyolo wemvelo noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
- Xhumana nochwepheshe Uma unemibuzo mayelana nohlobo nomthamo womanyolo odinga ingadi yakho.
Utshani obufakwe kahle bungaphezu nje kwendaba yobuhle: bufana nebhalansi yezinto eziphilayo, inani lendawo ezungezile, nokwaneliseka komuntu siqu. Ukuhlela ukuvundiswa kwakho nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kuqinisekisa ngokuqaphela utshani obuluhlaza, obunempilo, nobuhlala isikhathi eside. Isihluthulelo ukuqonda yayo izidingo, ungadluli futhi ubheke ngokucophelela ukuthi ingadi isabela kanjani ukuze ulungise isu njengoba kudingeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.