I-ryegrass engapheli: isihluthulelo sotshani obuqinile nobuhle
I-ryegrass engapheli (I-Lolium perenne), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ryegrass yesiNgisi, ingenye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kotshani obuqinile, okulula ukubugcina ezingadini, emapaki nasezinkundleni zemidlalo. Igqamile ukuhluma kwayo ngokushesha, ukuqina kwayo okumangalisayo ekunyathelweni kanye namahlamvu awo aminyene aluhlaza, anikeza ikhava enhle kakhulu nokukhanga okubonakalayo ingxenye enkulu yonyaka.
Lolu hlobo lotshani seluphenduke insiza ebalulekile kulabo abafuna Utshani obuhlala isikhathi eside, obufanayo obunokubekezelela kahle izimo zokusetshenziswaNgezansi, sichaza zonke izici ezibalulekile ze-ryegrass engapheli, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo zayo, ukutshala, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezincomo zokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-ryegrass engapheli
- Ukumelana nokunyathela nokululama: Su isakhiwo Inikeza ikhono elihle kakhulu lokumelana nethrafikhi evamile futhi ivuseleleke ngemva kokulimala ngokomzimba, iyenze ibe ilungele izindawo zokungcebeleka nezemidlalo.
- Ukuhluma okusheshayo nokufakwa: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, amaqabunga okuqala avela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-4 neziyi-10 emva kokuhlwanyela, azuza a ukumboza okuluhlaza emavikini amabili nje kuphela.
- Ukuthungwa okuhle nobuhle: Amaqabunga e-ryegrass angapheli okuthambile nokujulile okuluhlaza ngephimbo noma emnyama, enikeza utshani ukubukeka okuhle nokunempilo.
- Ukubekezelela isimo sezulu: Nakuba ethanda izimo zezulu ezipholile nezinomswakama, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nenhlabathi ehlukahlukene namazinga okushisa, nakuba ezifundeni ezinehlobo elishisayo kakhulu ingaziphatha njengezinhlobo zonyaka.
- Amandla okuhlanganisa: Ngenxa yekhono layo lokusabalala izitokofela kanye nokukhula kabusha okusheshayo, kugcwalisa kalula izindawo ezingenalutho, ukuvimbela ukubukeka kokhula nokugcina ukuminyana kotshani.
- Iyavuselela futhi iyaphikelela: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ingaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana, inikeze i-turf yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zotshani
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye utshani obuvamile, i-ryegrass engapheli inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele Ukusungulwa okusheshayo, ukumelana nokusetshenziswa okujulile kanye nokulula kokugcinwa. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko kukhona:
- Ukubekezelela amakhaza okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zesimo sezulu esifudumele, ezigcina umbala nokuminyana ngezikhathi ezipholile.
- Isekela ukusikeka okuphansi, okuvumela ukugcina utshani bucocekile, obuminyene futhi obufanayo, ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zemidlalo noma izingadi zokuhlobisa.
- Ukumelana okuphezulu nezifo njengebala elimpunga, intambo ebomvu, ukugqwala nendawo ensundu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukisiwe.
- Ukuzwela okulinganiselwe kwesomiso: Nakuba idinga ukuchelelwa njalo, ibekezelela izinkathi ezimfushane zokuntuleka kwamanzi uma isivele iqinile.
- Ikhono lokuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-Poa trivialis noma i-Festuca arundinacea ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelela umthunzi, ukushisa noma isomiso.
Izinhlobo nezingxube ezinconyiwe
Izinhlobo ze-ryegrass ezingapheli ziye zavela ngokukhethwa kwezakhi zofuzo, zihluka ku:
- Iqabunga elincanyana nombala oluhlaza ojulile: Ilungele ikhwalithi ephezulu yokubuka, utshani bokuhlobisa nezemidlalo.
- Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha: NjengoBelida noma uSirtaky, oqinisekisa ukuthi utshani bulungile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlwanyela noma ukuhluma kabusha.
- Ukukhula okuphezulu nokumelana nezifo: Izibonelo ezifana I-Lolium perenne, I-Pizzazz 2 GLR noma i-Fabian, eyenzelwe izinkundla zemidlalo nezingadi ezizimele.
- Izingxube zembewu noma imixube: Bavumela ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezithuthukisa izici ezifana nokuminyana, umbala, ukubekezelela izifo, nokukhula kabusha.
Ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa (izingadi zangasese, izinkundla zegalofu, amapaki omphakathi noma izinkundla zemidlalo), kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kakhulu noma ingxube ngokuya ngokumelana okufunayo, umbala kanye nemvamisa yokugunda.
Ukuhlwanyela i-ryegrass engapheli
Ukuhlwanyela ngendlela efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokujabulela utshani obufanayo nobuqinile. Le nqubo ingenziwa iyodwa noma ihlangene, kuye ngezimo zezulu kanye nenjongo yotshani.
- Isikhathi esifanelekile: Uncamela ukuyihlwanyela phakathi izimo zezulu ezipholile nezinomswakama, ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nekwindla, ubusika, noma intwasahlobo. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma liphakathi kuka-15 no-25°C.
- Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Nciphisa utshani obudala bufinyelele ku-2 cm, buthuse futhi bufake umoya ukuze kube lula ukungena kwembewu kanye nokukhipha amanzi.
- Izinga lokuhlwanyela: Ukuze uthole i-turf entsha, isicelo esinconywayo ngu-3-4,5 kg ku-100 m² (noma 30-45 g/m²); ekwindla, lokhu kukhuphuka kufinyelele ku-5–6 kg/100 m² noma ngaphezulu ezinkundleni zemidlalo (kufika ku-16 kg/100 m² ukuze kusetshenziswe umsebenzi wobungcweti).
- Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokumbozwa kwembewu: Ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo ngokusakaza noma ukusebenzisa imbewu, ukumboza kancane ngesihlabathi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthintana nenhlabathi.
- Ukuchelela ngemva kokuhlwanyela: Gcina inhlabathi imanzi, ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi, kuze kube yilapho ukusika kokuqala (cishe izinsuku ezingu-25-30 emva kokuhluma).
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwe-ryegrass engapheli
Utshani be-ryegrass obungapheli budinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ukuze kugcinwe amandla, umbala, kanye nokuminyana:
- Ukunisela: Isidingo esikhulu ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufakelwa. Kamuva, lungisa imvamisa: izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ezindaweni ezipholile; nsuku zonke ehlobo; njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 ebusika, ukulungisa ngokuvumelana nemvula. Umgomo uwukugcina umhlabathi umanzi ngaphandle kwezikhukhula.
- Ukuvundisa: I-ryegrass engapheli isabela kahle kuyo umanyolo, ikakhulukazi nge-nitrogen. Ukusebenzisa umanyolo olinganiselayo ngaphambi kokutshala nangemva kokusikwa kokuqala kukhuthaza ukukhula kabusha kanye nombala oluhlaza kakhulu.
- Ukuvuna: Ikhula ngokushesha, idinga ukugunda njalo. Ungasiki ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yobude ngesikhathi; ukuphakama okulungile kuzungeze u-2-4 cm. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukisiwe nasezinkundleni zemidlalo, lokhu kungancishiswa ku-0,4-2 cm.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo: Nakuba imelana kakhulu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole amabala, isikhunta, noma izinambuzane futhi welaphe ngokushesha ngemikhiqizo ethile.
- Ukutshala kabusha: Ukugcina usizi kanye nokuhlanganisa, ukuhluma kabusha kwaminyaka yonke noma kabili ngonyaka kuyanconywa ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukuqhathanisa: I-Perennial raygrass vs i-raygrass yonyaka
| Característica | I-raygrass engapheli | I-ryegrass yonyaka |
|---|---|---|
| Ukubekezelela ukushisa | Ngaphansi | Mayor |
| Isikhathi | I-Perennial, iminyaka eminingana enezimo ezifanele | Umjikelezo wonyaka owodwa kuphela |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko | Utshani, ukuhluma kabusha, ezemidlalo | Ifolishi, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka |
| Ubude bokusika (cm) | 2-4 (okuvamile), kufika ku-0.4-2 (ochwepheshe abathuthukisiwe) | Iyaguquguquka ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa |
| Ukuminyana kokutshala | 4-6 kg/100 m² (imbewu kabusha) | eliguqukayo |
Izincomo zokusetshenziswa okuthile
- Inkundla yezemidlalo: Incamela izinhlobonhlobo ezinamacembe amahle, ukubekezelela okuphezulu ukunyathelwa kanye nokukhula kabusha okusheshayo, njengalezo ezivela kufuzo lwaseMelika.
- Izingadi namapaki azimele: Babeka phambili ubuhle, amahlamvu amahle, nombala oluhlaza omnyama; siphakamisa ukuyixuba ne-Poa noma i-Festuca ukuze ithuthukise ukujwayela kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukene zengadi.
- Izifundo zegalofuImithamo ephakeme nezingxube ezithile ezine-Poa trivialis zisetshenziselwa ukwengamela imifino kanye ne-fairwayways.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Perennial Ryegrass
- I-perennial ryegrass ihlala isikhathi esingakanani? Ingaqhubeka futhi ihlume iminyaka eminingana ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle zokunisela, inhlabathi, nokugcinwa kwayo.
- Udinga muphi umhlabathi? Ithanda inhlabathi evundile, evundile kahle futhi enomsoco. Ibekezelela amazinga e-pH ahlukene kanye nenhlabathi enzima uma ilungiswe kahle.
- Ingabe imelana nesomiso? Ayaziwa ngokumelana nesomiso esinzima, esidinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye naphakathi kwehlobo elishisayo.
- Ingabe ilungele izindawo zethrafikhi ephezulu? Yebo, izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ikakhulukazi, ezinokubekezelela okuphezulu kokunyathelwa nokululama ngokushesha.
- Ibekezelela kangakanani umthunzi? Ukubekezelela okuncane. Idinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile isikhathi esiningi sosuku. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, kungcono ukuhlanganisa ne-festivuca noma i-dichondra.
