Ukugcina utshani obunempilo, obuluhlaza kungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu kulabo abanakekela izingadi nezindawo eziluhlaza. Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, kuvamile ukubona utshani buphelelwa amandla futhi buqala ukuba nombala ophuzi ongathandeki, kodwa le nkinga ayigcini ehlobo kuphela. Unyaka wonke, kungavela izimbangela eziningi zokuphuzi kotshani, ngale kwezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Ukushintsha kombala akubangeli nje ukulahlekelwa kobuhle engadini, kodwa kungase futhi kube uphawu olucacile lokuthi kukhona okungalungile emhlabathini, ukuchelela, ukuphathwa kwezakhi, noma ukubonakala kwezifo noma izinambuzane. Ukuthola lezi zinguquko ngesikhathi Izimbangela kanye nezixazululo ezisetshenziswayo zotshani obuphuzi Kuyisiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu sokubuyisela ubusha bayo futhi ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zotshani obuphuzi
Utshani bungaphenduka buphuzi noma bube buphuzi kulo lonke utshani noma ezindaweni ezithile, okuvamise ukukhombisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga. Ukuhlonza imbangela yangempela kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa okufanele. Ngezansi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu, ezilandelwa izixazululo ezisebenzayo esimweni ngasinye:
1. Ukungabi namanzi amaningi
Ukunisela okungalungile kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yamabala aphuzi otshanini. Uma utshani bungawatholi amanzi anele, buqala ukoma futhi bube phuzi. Ngokuphambene, amanzi amaningi angaminyanisa izimpande futhi abangele ukubola, aphinde enze namabala ansundu noma aphuzi. Kubalulekile ukuhlola uhlelo lokunisela nokuqinisekisa ukumboza ngokulingana, kusetshenziswa izikali zemvula ukuze ulinganise ngokunembile okokufaka kwamanzi (cishe amalitha angama-35 ngemitha yesikwele ngesonto ehlobo). Ukuze ugweme le nkinga, kuyatuseka ukuthi uthintane nolwazi lokuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukunisela ngokweqile utshani futhi uthuthukise ukunakekelwa kwazo.
2. Ukuntula noma ukweqisa kwezakhamzimba
El ukungalingani kwezakhi Ngokushesha kuthinta impilo yotshani. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, i-iron, i-potassium, noma i-phosphorus kungaholela ekubeni namabala aphuzi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhula okusebenzayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umanyolo oweqile, ikakhulukazi lawo anothe nge-nitrogen, angashisa utshani. Umchamo wezilwane ezifuywayo nawo usebenza njengokweqile kwasendaweni kwe-nitrogen nosawoti, okushiya amabala aphuzi ayindilinga. Ukusebenzisa umanyolo ngokuya ngokucaciswa komkhiqizi nokukhetha umanyolo okhishwa kancane kunciphisa ubungozi. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuphelele, ungase futhi ucabangele ukuhlola umhlabathi ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi imisoco edingwa utshani bakho.
3. Izinambuzane nezifo (isikhunta)
Isikhunta nezinambuzane eziningi zingahlasela utshani, ikakhulukazi uma umswakama nezimo zokushisa zilungele ukwanda kwazo. Isikhunta njenge I-Pythium, I-Fusarium, I-Helminthosporium, phakathi kokunye, khiqiza amabala aphuzi, omile kuma-patches (izitendi). Ukunisela ebusuku noma ukunisela ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kokungena umoya kuyizici eziyingozi. Ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezifana nama-white grubs noma ama-nematode nakho kungabangela umonakalo ofanayo. Ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe futhi kwelashwe lezi zinkinga, okungase kuhlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwezinambuzane nezifo eziwutshani.
4. Ukucinana kwenhlabathi kanye nezinkinga
Umhlabathi ominyene kakhulu uvimbela umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi nezakhamzimba yizimpande. Kulezi zimo, utshani buqala ukuphuzi futhi bube sengozini yesomiso nezifo. Umhlabathi ongenamanzi, ubumba oluningi, noma umhlabathi ongangenisi kahle umoya uyinkinga kakhulu.
5. Izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu
Ukushisa okwedlulele, ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni, isithwathwa, umoya ongapheli, noma amakhaza amakhulu kungabangela ukuba i-turfgrass ibe phuzi. Lezi zimo zivame ukukhulisa i-evapotranspiration kanye nokucindezeleka kwamanzi, noma, uma kubanda, kukhubaze umsebenzi wezimpande.
6. Umthunzi owedlulele kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga
Utshani budinga ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze bukhule kahle. Uma itshalwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziminyene, izakhiwo, noma eduze kwezindonga eziphakeme, ingaba buthakathaka futhi ilahlekelwe umbala wayo oluhlaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafunda futhi indlela yokuthuthukisa ukukhanya ezindaweni ezinomthunzi engadini yakho.
7. Amaphutha ekusikeni noma emishinini
Ukusika utshani buphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-3-4 esimweni sezulu esifudumele) kuveza izimpande futhi kungabangela ukushiswa yilanga nokuphuzi. Ukwengeza, izindwani ezifiphele noma ukuvuza kukaphethiloli ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kotshani kungalimaza utshani.
8. Imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokunqwabelana kotshani
Ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu yokugunda kanye ne-organic matter (utshani) kungakha ungqimba olungangenisi oluvimbela ukuphefumula okufanele futhi lukhuthaze izifo zesikhunta. Ukwesabisa njalo nokuhlanza kubalulekile. Ukunakekelwa kahle kotshani nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lokhu kwakheka.
Indlela yokuxilonga imbangela yotshani obuphuzi
Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yisiphi isisombululo sotshani obuphuzi, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okufanele. Ezinye izinyathelo ezinconywe ochwepheshe futhi zisekelwa ulwazi lochwepheshe bezingadi zifaka:
- Linganisa ukubukeka nephethini yamabala: Uma ziyindingiliza, i-peripheral, noma yendawo, ingase ibonise izinambuzane, izifo, ukuchelela okungafanele, noma ukulimala kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
- Hlaziya umhlabathi: Ngamakhithi okuhlola umhlabathi wasekhaya noma ochwepheshe, ukulinganisa i-pH (okungcono kakhulu phakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.0), ukuthungwa, ukuminyana, namazinga omsoco kungasiza ekunqumeni ukungalingani. Ungafunda futhi indlela yokuhlaziya inhlabathi yakho engadini ukuze uthuthukise impilo yotshani.
- Hlola uhlelo lokunisela: Hlola ukufana, ingcindezi, nokusebenza kwezifafazi namakhanda okufutha. Ukunisela okungalingani kuvame ukubonakala njengezindawo eziphuzi ezishintshana nezindawo eziluhlaza. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi unganisela kanjani utshani bakho, nali umhlahlandlela ophelele.
- Qaphela ukuba khona kwezinambuzane noma izimpawu zefungal: Izitendi ezinwebekayo, amabala amhlophe ayimpuphu, amabala amnyama noma aphuzi anama-halos angase abonise izifo zesikhunta. Ukwelapha lezi zimo, ungaphinda uthintane nezinambuzane nezifo zotshani.
Izixazululo eziqondile zotshani obuphuzi: ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Ukuchelela okusebenzayo nokulungisiwe
Ukunisela kufanele kulungiswe kuye ngesimo sezulu, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, kanye nenhlobonhlobo yotshani. Ukuze uthole isimo esihle sotshani:
- Nisela ekuseni kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele amanzi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bona ukuthi unganisela kanjani utshani bakho ngaphandle kokufafaza.
- Sebenzisa izinzwa zemvula noma zomswakama ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo ukuze ugweme ukuchelela okungadingekile.
- Lungisa izindawo ezinokunisela okungalungile noma ukugcwala kwamanzi (faka imibhobho esebenza kahle kakhulu, thuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi).
- Ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, khulisa imvamisa yokunisela, kodwa wehlise inani ngeseshini ngayinye ukuze ugweme ukusuthisa inhlabathi.
Ukuphathwa kahle kukamanyolo
Ukuvimbela ukushoda kwezakhi noma ubuthi:
- Dala uhlelo lokuvundisa olulinganiselayo ngenkathi ngayinye, uhlanganise i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, insimbi, ne-magnesium ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi. Ukwengeza, ezimeni zomonakalo obangelwa umanyolo oweqile, kungase kusize ukufunda indlela yokuphatha umanyolo wotshani.
- Khetha umanyolo okhishwa kancane ukuze ugweme ukushisa futhi ukhulule imisoco kancane kancane.
- Uma ukuvundisa ngokweqile kwenzeke, susa mathupha ama-granules amaningi futhi usebenzise ukuchelela ngobuningi ukuze ukhiphe usawoti oweqile, okulandelwa ama-biostimulants afana nama-humic acid.
Ukungenisa umoya kwenhlabathi kanye nokwenza ngcono
I-Compaction ingesinye sezitha ezinkulu ze-turf enempilo. Izincomo zifaka:
- Faka umoya utshani bakho kabili ngonyaka ngamathuluzi anama-spiked noma ama-spiked soles ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande nokushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ungafunda futhi ukwenza i-aeration yasekhaya ukuze uthuthukise impilo yotshani.
- Gcoba isihlabathi se-silica emhlabathini osindayo ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka nokuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukulawula izifo kanye nezinambuzane
Izifo ze-fungal kufanele zixazululwe ngokushesha:
- Faka ama-fungicides athile ngokuya ngohlobo lwesikhunta esitholakele (I-Fosetyl-Al, i-Tebuconazole, i-Azoxystrobin, njll.) ngemva kokuhlonza imbangela. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bheka isigaba sethu esiphathelene nezinambuzane nezifo zasetshani.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukubuyisela utshani obuphuzi
- Ukuhlolwa komonakalo: Uma indawo engaphezu kuka-50% ithintekile, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kufakwe kabusha. Ukwenza lokhu, kuyasiza futhi ukwazi imbewu engcono kakhulu yokuhluma kabusha utshani bakho.
- Ukuhlanza okuphelele: Susa amaqabunga omile, amahlumela, nemfucumfucu nge-rake. Scarify ukuze ususe utshani futhi ukhuthaze ukululama okungcono.
- Umoya: Sebenzisa amathuluzi anezipikili noma amageja anezinzipho ukuvula inhlabathi futhi ukwandise ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nezakhi.
- Isicelo somanyolo: Sebenzisa umanyolo othize wotshani one-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium, ulandela izincomo zomkhiqizo. Ukuze uthole izincomo zokuvundisa, futhi bheka umhlahlandlela wethu ophelele.
Ezinye izincomo ezibalulekile zokugcina utshani bakho buluhlaza futhi bunempilo
- Gwema ukutshala izihlahla eziminyene eduze kotshani ukuze kwandiswe ukukhanya kwelanga. Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukuchayeka, funda ukuqeda umthunzi engadini yakho.
- Yenza ngcono ukugeleza kwamanzi enhlabathini enobumba noma leyo ejwayele ukugcwala amanzi.
- Lawula ukhula oluqhudelana ngemisoco namanzi.
- Gcwalisa izindawo eziphansi lapho amanzi ejwayele ukunqwabelana khona nomhlabathi noma isihlabathi.
Amathuluzi awusizo nemikhiqizo yokubuyisela utshani
- Ama-Rakes nama-scarifiers: Ukususa imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo futhi kube lula ukungena komoya.
- Ama-aerator okwenziwa ngesandla noma umakhenikha: Ibalulekile enhlabathini ebumbene.
- Ama-blade abukhali nama-cutters alungisekayo: Njalo gcina imishini isesimweni esifanele.
- Izinzwa zokuswakama, abahleli bohlelo kanye nemibhobho ezungezayo: Ukwandisa ukuchelela futhi ugweme kokubili ukuntuleka kwamanzi nokudlulela.
- Umanyolo okhethekile wotshani nama-biostimulants: Khetha ngokwezidingo zomhlabathi kanye nohlobo lomonakalo.
Ngokuhlanganisa lokhu kunakekelwa kanye nezixazululo, noma yimuphi umthandi wengadi angaguqula utshani. ophuzi futhi obuthakathaka kukhaphethi oluhlaza, iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ukhiye uku ukuvimbela, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungaguquguquki ekunakekelweniUmzamo owenziwayo awugcini nje ngokungeza ubuhle engadini, kodwa futhi ukhiqiza inhlalakahle kanye nenani layo yonke imvelo. Ukubuka, ukuphendula, kanye nokulungisa ukulungiswa okusekelwe ezimpawini utshani obuzinikezayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokujabulela indawo eluhlaza enempilo unyaka wonke.