I-Vriesea carinata, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi "uphaphe lwamaNdiya", I-bromeliad yangaphandle eletha ubuhle nokuzwakala kwehlathi kukho kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukujabulela lesi sitshalo kusho ukufaka ingxenye yemvelo ephilayo endlini yakho, ngenxa yesakhiwo saso esiyingqayizivele, ukuqhakaza okumangalisayo, nokunakekelwa okulula.
Itholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika - anamarekhodi emazweni anjengeBrazil neVenezuela - iVriesea carinata isizitholele yona njengenye yama-bromeliad aziswa kakhulu ngenxa yawo. amahlamvu okuhlobisa, ama-inflorescences awo ahlaba umxhwele njengoba ehlala isikhathi eside nokumelana kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivumelanisa kwayo nezimo zasekhaya kuyenza ibe inketho ekahle kulabo abafuna ukunakekelwa okuphansi kodwa izitshalo ezinhle.
Izici ze-botanical kanye ne-morphology ye-Vriesea carinata
La IVriesea carinata Ingowomndeni wakwaBromeliaceae, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezitshalo ze-epiphytic nezasemhlabeni. Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwe-Vriesea, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa nazo ziyagqama, njenge IVriesea iyakhazimula, i-Vriesea fenestralis, i-Vriesea hieroglyphica ne-Vriesea imperialis, zonke ziqashelwa ngamahlamvu azo abukisayo kanye ne-inflorescences emangalisayo.
- Ubude babantu abadala: Ngokuvamile ifinyelela phakathi kuka-40 no-50 cm, nobubanzi obufanayo, okwenza ifanelekele izindawo eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu.
- AmaSpredishithi: Ahlelwe nge-basal rosette, anokwakheka kwesikhumba, umumo onama-arched, ofana neribhoni, nombala oluhlaza okotshani ogqamile ongahluka uye kumathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi abonise amabhendi aguquguqukayo amnyama. Amanzi anqwabelana phakathi nendawo ye-rosette, isici esiyinhloko sama-bromeliads.
- I-Inflorescence: Ivela phakathi nendawo ye-rosette njenge-spike eqondile noma eyi-cylindrical. Ama-bracts awo angaba bomvu noma aphuzi, futhi kuwo avela izimbali ze-tubular zangempela, ngokuvamile eziphuzi noma ezibomvuAma-inflorescences angahlala ephila izinyanga ezimbalwa, nakuba izimbali ngokwazo zihlala isikhashana.
- Iqhakaza: Kwenzeka lapho isitshalo sineminyaka okungenani emibili noma emithathu yokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.
- I-Perfume: Izimbali zinikeza ukukhanya, iphunga elimnandi, zengeze ukukhanga kwezinzwa ekukhangweni okubonakalayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iVriesea carinata isitshalo ukubheka, okusho ukuthi iqhakaza kanye kuphela ngaphambi kokufa, nakuba phakathi nale nqubo ikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi noma amahlumela ase-basal aqhubekisela phambili lezi zinhlobo ekulinyweni kwasekhaya.
Izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezihlobene
- I-Vriesea splendens: Ibonakala ngamacembe awo anamabhande aguquguqukayo amnyama kanye ne-inflorescence ebomvu-wolintshi ehlobisa kakhulu.
- I-Vriesea fenestralis: Igqama ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo amakhulu aphuzi ngokuluhlaza kanye nezimbali eziphuzi.
- I-Vriesea hieroglyphica: Inamaqabunga amakhulu anamabala nama-bracts aluhlaza, enye inketho yokuhlobisa ekhaya.
- I-Vriesea imperialis: ihlonishwa ngosayizi wayo omkhulu kanye nama-inflorescence ansundu ngokumangalisayo.
Bonke babelana ngokukhululeka kokunakekelwa kanye nobuhle obungangabazeki be-tropical bromeliads.
Izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo wokuhlobisa, i-Vriesea carinata inikeza izinzuzo zemvelo ezindlini zangaphakathi:
- Ukuhlanzwa komoya: isiza ukuqeda ukungcola okufana ne-benzene ne-formaldehyde, okunomthelela endaweni enempilo.
- Umswakama wemvelo: Indlela yayo yokuqongelela amanzi ku-rosette inyusa umswakama wendawo, ikakhulukazi ewusizo esimweni sezulu esomile.
- Ukuzijwayeza kalula: Ilungele ukutshalwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle (ezindaweni ezifudumele noma lapho ivikelwe emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha) futhi ingatshalwa ezimbizeni, ezitshalweni, noma ihlanganiswe neziqu njengesitshalo se-epiphytic.
Ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwe-Vriesea carinata
Ukukhanya nendawo
La ukukhanya okwanele Ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuqhakazeni kweVriesea carinata. Kufanele ibekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. ngaphandle kokuchayeka elangeni ngokuqondile phakathi namahora amaphakathiAmahora ambalwa okukhanya kwelanga lasekuseni angaba yinzuzo, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, okungabangela ukushisa kwamaqabunga nokushintsha kombala, kufanele kugwenywe.
- Ilungele amakamelo abheke empumalanga noma eningizimu, avikelwe njalo amakhethini akhanyayo noma amafasitela amakhulu.
- Ngaphandle, yibeke emthunzini omncane, ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma ivikelwe yizindonga phakathi nezinyanga ezishisayo.
- Uma amaqabunga elahlekelwa ukukhanya kwawo noma izibopho ziba lufifi, kungase kube uphawu lokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo.
izinga lokushisa nendawo ezungezile
Amazinga okushisa alungile okuthuthukiswa kwe-Vriesea ayahluka phakathi 18 kanye no-29 ºC. Kubalulekile Ungayibeki emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-15 ºC, nakuba ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi njengo-5°C isikhathi esifushane uma ivikelekile. Gcina isitshalo kude nama-drawers abandayo, ama-radiator, nemithombo yokushisa enamandla. Ebusika, uma unayo ngaphandle, yifake endlini ukuze uyivikele emakhazeni nasesithwathwaneni.
- Umswakamo: ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama. Fafaza amahlamvu njalo ngamanzi angenawo umcako noma ufake ama-humidifiers uma umoya womile.
- Gwema izindawo ezomile kakhulu, ezikhuthaza izinambuzane ezifana nesicabucabu esibomvu.
Ukunisela i-Vriesea carinata
Okubalulekile ukugcina i-substrate imanzi kancane, Njalo ugwema ama-puddles. Ukuvama kuzoncika enkathini, kodwa ngokuvamile:
- Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, nisela izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, qinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate yomile ngaphambi kokunisela futhi.
- Ekwindla nasebusika, ukuchelela kanye ngesonto kwanele, noma kuncane uma izinga lokushisa liphansi.
- Sebenzisa amanzi ancibilikisiwe amaminerali, amanzi emvula, noma abilisiwe ukuze ugweme umonakalo odalwe i-limescale emanzini kampompi.
Isici esisodwa esiyingqayizivele ukuthi izindawo zokugcina amanzi zemvelo ezakha phakathi nendawo yerosette kufanele zihlale zinamanzi athile, kodwa ziwavuselele ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kanye nokwanda kwesikhunta noma izibungu. Lapha ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zama-bromeliad akhona..
Substrate nokufakelwa kabusha
- Imiksi efanelekile: Ihlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat, i-pine bark, ne-perlite ekuxubeni kwezitshalo zasendlini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhiphe amanzi kahle ukuvimbela ukubola.
- Ukufakelwa kabusha Kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3, njalo entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa livuma futhi isitshalo silulama kangcono. Sebenzisa ibhodwe elinezimbobo eziningi zokudonsa amanzi futhi elingelikhulu kakhulu maqondana nebhola lempande.
Izakhamzimba nomanyolo
I-Vriesea carinata Ayifuni ngenkani kumanyolo, njengoba zikhula kancane. Faka umanyolo owuketshezi wezitshalo zasendlini noma umanyolo othize we-bromeliad ohlanjululwe waba yingxenye yomthamo onconyiwe njalo emavikini angama-3-4 entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukuze uthole amanye amathiphu okunakekela izitshalo eziqhakazayoUngalokothi ufake umanyolo phakathi nendawo ye-rosette-njalo ku-substrate-ukugwema ukushiswa nokuthuthukiswa kolwelwe oluyingozi.
Ukuthena nokunakekela
Akudingi ukuthenwa njaloMane ususe amaqabunga omile noma abunile kanye nama-inflorescence avuthiwe. Sebenzisa amathuluzi ayekade ebulawe amagciwane futhi usike eduze nesisekelo. Le nqubo elula ivimbela izifo futhi igcine ukubukeka kwayo kokuhlobisa.
Ukuphindaphinda nokusabalalisa
- Indlela elula yokusabalalisa i-Vriesea carinata isuka emahlumela avela phansi kwesitshalo esingumzali ngemva kokuqhakaza. Lapho la mahlumela efinyelela cishe ku-15 cm, angahlukaniswa ngokucophelela nempande ethile futhi atshalwe esitsheni sawo, enhlabathini emanzi futhi embozwe ngepulasitiki ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ophezulu kuze kube yizimpande (imvamisa kuthatha cishe amasonto angu-4-6).
- Ukusakazeka kwembewu kungenzeka, kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kuhamba kancane ngaphansi kwezimo zasekhaya, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zochwepheshe.
Izimbali kanye nomjikelezo wempilo
Izimbali ze-Vriesea carinata kanye kuphela empilweni yayo., ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 no-4 ubudala, lapho isitshalo sifika ekuvuthweni. Uma iminyaka idlula futhi ingaqhakazi, enye indlela esetshenziswa ekulimeni enkulisa iwukuyenga ukuqhakaza ngokubeka i-apula elivuthiwe eduze kwesitshalo bese limbozwa ngepulasitiki isonto lonke. I-ethylene ekhishwe ivuselela ukubukeka kwe-inflorescence.
Ngemva kokuqhakaza, i-rosette eyinhloko ivame ukufa kancane, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi iyobe isikhiqize amahlumela amaningana azovumela isitshalo ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula endlini. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "umjikelezo we-monocarpic."
Izinkinga ezivamile, izinambuzane nezifo
- Isikali se-Mealybug ne-cottony cushion: Ngokuvamile ivela ezindaweni ezomile. Isuswa ngekotini notshwala noma insipho ye-potassium efafazwe ezindaweni ezithintekile.
- Isicabucabu esibomvu: Ithandwa ukuntuleka komswakama. Fafaza ngamanzi njalo futhi, uma ukutheleleka kuqhubeka, sebenzisa ama-acaricides athile.
- Umanyolo oweqile noma amanzi aqinile: Babangela amabala amhlophe kasawoti wamaminerali emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Shintshela emanzini a-distilled futhi uyeke ukuvundisa izinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Ukuzindla: Idala ukubola kwezimpande kanye nokubuna okusheshayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-substrate igeleze kahle futhi kungalokothi kube namanzi amile esosweni lebhodwe.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi noma ashile: ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthela amanzi ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka elangeni ngokuqondile.
Uma kuvela izinambuzane, khumbula ukuthi ungafafazi ama-insecticide emanzini aqoqwe ku-rosette, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza isitshalo. Beka phambili izindlela zemvelo noma ugeze isitshalo kahle uma kunesidingo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeVriesea carinata
- I-Bromeliads efana ne-Vriesea iqoqa amanzi kanye nemfucumfucu yemvelo ku-rosette ephakathi, idla ngokungaqondile imisoco encibilikisiwe emanzini amile.
- Igama layo lihlonipha isazi sezitshalo saseDashi u-WH de Vriese.
- Endaweni yabo yemvelo, ama-Vriesea amaningi aphila njengama-epiphyte emagatsheni ezihlahla, ngaphandle kwesidingo esiqondile senhlabathi.
- Kukhona ama-hybrids esimanje anama-inflorescence anemibala eminingi namaqabunga anephethini ehlukile.
I-Las IVriesea carinata kanye nezihlobo zayo ziyisibonelo sokuthi imvelo eshisayo ingahlanganiswa kanjani nokuphila kwansuku zonke, inganikezeli nje kuphela umthelela wokubukwa ongenakuqhathaniswa kodwa futhi nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemvelo yekhaya. Ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo-ukukhanya okukhanyayo, umswakama, i-substrate edonsa kahle, nokunisela okulinganiselwe-le bromeliad izokuvuza ngamahlamvu ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nezimbali ezimangalisayo. Umcebo wangempela webhotanical wabathandi bezitshalo nalabo abafuna ukwengeza umoya wangaphandle nonempilo kunoma iyiphi indawo.
