Ukuba notshani obuluhlaza, obuminyene futhi obunempilo engadini kuyiphupho labaningi, kodwa ukufeza lokhu kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo ukunakekelwa kotshani unyaka wonke, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, nokusetshenziswa kotshani. Kulesi sihloko, uzothola umhlahlandlela onemininingwane nowakamuva wokugcina utshani bakho bumsulwa, onazo zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo, amathiphu, nezincazelo, ohlanganisa izici ezifanele kakhulu ezinconywe ochwepheshe nabalimi abangochwepheshe.
Kungani ukunakekelwa kotshani kubalulekile?
Utshani olunakekelwa kahle alugcini nje ngokuhlobisa noma iyiphi indawo yangaphandle, kodwa futhi lunikeza izinzuzo eziningi: kunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwemvelo, imunca ukungcola, ivimbele ukuguguleka futhi kusiza ukusetshenziswa kwengadi kwezokungcebeleka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ujabulele izinzuzo zayo futhi ugweme izinkinga ezinjengokhula, izifo, amabala anempandla, nokuguquguquka kwemibala, kubalulekile ukwenza uchungechunge lwemisebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka.
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yotshani obuphelele
- Ukugunda noma ukusika
- Ukunisela
- Umoya
- ukugqoka okuphezulu
- Iyacwaninga
- Kuthukile
- Umbhalisile
- Ukutshala
- Ukulawulwa kwezifo nezinambuzane
Ukugunda: Ukhiye Wotshani Olujiyile
Ukugunda utshani okuvamile kugcina utshani buminyene, kuvimbela ukuqhakaza (ukuqhakaza nokufa), futhi kuthuthukisa umbala wawo. Imvamisa efanelekile incike ezintweni ezifana nesimo sezulu, uhlobo lotshani, ukusetshenziswa, nesikhathi sonyaka. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, akufanele kusikwe ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude be-blade ngokugunda ngakunye. Ngezikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo, ukugunda njalo kuyanconywa; ebusika noma nge amazinga okushisa adlulele, nciphisa imvamisa yokugunda, futhi wandise ukuphakama kokusikwa kwakho ukuze uvikele utshani. Ukushintsha iphethini yokugunda kanye nesiqondiso ngaso sonke isikhathi kusiza ukuqinisa izimpande futhi kuvimbele ukuhlangana.
Kunconywa ukugcina utshani bubude cishe 5 cm Ngezikhathi zokubanda kakhulu noma ukushisa, le ndlela ingakusiza ukuthi umelane nezimo zezulu ezimbi futhi uthuthukise isistimu yezimpande eqinile. Uma unemibuzo, izikhungo zengadi zinikeza iseluleko ngokukhetha ukuphakama okungcono kakhulu kanye nemishini yotshani bakho.
Ukuchelela: amanzi anele ngesikhathi esifanele
Izinhlobo eziningi zotshani zidinga amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezifudumele. Nokho, elinye lamaphutha avamile uku ukugcwala ngokweqile, okungabangela izifo zesikhunta nezimpande ezingajulile. Ukuchelela kufanele kuhambisane nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, uhlobo lomhlabathi, kanye nezinhlobo ezitshaliwe.
Iqhinga elilula lokwazi ukuthi unganisela nini ukubona umbala wotshani: uma uthola umthunzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma impunga, namahlamvu amadala ayabuna, kudinga amanzi. Kungcono ukunisela amanzi amaningi futhi ngokulinganayo ukuze ukhuthaze ukumila kwezimpande ezijulile kanye nokumelana nesomiso. Gwema ukuchelela phakathi nosuku ukuze unciphise ukuhwamuka futhi uvimbele ukulimala kwamaqabunga. Etshanini obusanda kufakwa imbewu, nisela nsuku zonke kuze kukhule izimpande eziqinile.
I-Aerated: umoya-mpilo wezimpande
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlabathi engaphansi kotshani ijwayele ukubumbana, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amanzi nomoya-mpilo kungene ezimpandeni. Lesi simo sivamile emhlabathini wobumba nasezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. enomoya Kubandakanya ukubhoboza inhlabathi ngezimbobo noma ukukhipha amapulaki amancane, okuthuthukisa ukungena kwamanzi nokukhula kotshani. Ukusebenzisa ireki ekhethekile, imfologo, noma umshini wokungenisa umoya kuvumela ukungena komoya okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwezinkathi zonyaka zokukhula. Ngemva kokungenisa umoya, kuyatuseka ukufaka ungqimba lwesihlabathi noma i-mulch ukuze ugcwalise izikhala futhi ugcine inhlabathi ixega.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu: ukuvuselela utshani
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlanganisa ukusabalalisa ungqimba oluncane lwesihlabathi, i-mulch, noma ingxube yakho kokubili phezu kotshani. Le nqubo ithuthukisa i isakhiwo senhlabathiIkhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande futhi isiza ukushelela ukungahambi kahle okuncane. Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ngemva kokungenisa umoya, ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezihlangene noma lezo ezinezinkinga zokudonsa amanzi. Ukuze usebenze kahle, gqoka phezulu ngenkathi utshala kabusha uma ubona amabala anempandla noma izindawo ezonakele.
I-Scarification: ukususa okuzwakalayo kanye ne-moss
Ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu yezitshalo, ubulembu, kanye nenhlabathi kwakha "umuzwa" phansi otshanini ovimbela ukungena komoya kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, okuvumela ukukhula kwesikhunta nezinambuzane. Ukukhwabanisa kuwumsebenzi ohilela ukuklwebha umhlabathi, noma ngerela ezindaweni ezincane noma ngemishini ethusayo ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukuvama kuyahlukahluka: ezindaweni ezimanzi, ukwethuka kuyanconywa okungenani kanye ngonyaka, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezomile noma ezinelanga njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kungase kwanele.
Reseeding: ukumboza amabala anempandla nokujiya
Izindawo zotshani lapho utshani bunyamalele kufanele zihlulwe kabusha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kokhula futhi kuqinisekiswe ukhaphethi ofanayo. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kabusha, sebenzisa indawo ngokusebenzisa i-mulch futhi uphendule kancane inhlabathi. Izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala kabusha intwasahlobo nokuwa, ukugwema ukushisa noma ukubanda okudlulele. Ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa i-aeration kanye ne-topdressing ukuze usakaze imbewu entsha futhi uzuze ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele.
Umanyolo: umsoco wotshani obunamandla
Umnikelo we izakhamzimba Kubalulekile ukuthi utshani bugcine umbala wabo, ukuminyana, nokumelana nezifo nokucindezeleka kwesimo sezulu. Izakhi eziyinhloko i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorusKunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo othize okhishwa kancane, uvumelane nokuvundiswa kwesizini ngayinye:
- I-Primavera: ukuqala kokukhulelwa ukuze kugqugquzele ukukhula
- Ehlobo: okungcono umanyolo ocebile nge-potassium ukuze umelane nokushisa
- Ikwindla: umanyolo okhethekile wokulungiselela amakhaza
Umanyolo kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo nangokuhambisana nemithamo enconyiwe yomkhiqizi. Ukwengeza i-organic matter noma i-mulch ngemva kokugqoka phezulu kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nomsebenzi we-microbial.
Ukulawula ukhula
Ukhula luvame ukuvela otshanini futhi luqhudelana ngamanzi, ukukhanya, nemisoco, lonakalise ukubukeka nempilo yalo. Ukuze uzivikele, kubalulekile ukugunda njalo nangokuphakama okufanele. ukhula oluncane Angasuswa ngesandla, asuse yonke impande ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingahlumi futhi. Ezinkulu noma ezihlaselayo zingadinga amathuluzi athile afana nala ama-brush cutter, ama-trimmers wokhula noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwama-herbicides akhethiwe, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezinzima. Uma ukhula ludla utshani, kungase kudingeke ukuhlela kabusha inhlabathi futhi kutshalwe isoyi lamaqabunga abanzi.
I-moss ingesinye isitha esivamile sotshani ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile. Ingalwiswa ngomanyolo ofanele, izindlela zokugunda ezifanele, kanye nokuncipha okuvamile. Ezimweni eziqhubekayo, imikhiqizo ethile ye-anti-moss iyatholakala.
Gcina utshani futhi uvimbele ubulembu ezindaweni ezimanzi
Izifo ezivame kakhulu nezilokazane otshanini
Utshani lungathinteka ngokuhlukile izifo umsuka wokukhunta: I-anthracnose, i-dollar spot, i-fusarium, intambo ebomvu, ukugqwala, i-rhizoctonia, i-pythium, ne-powdery mildewIzimpawu zivame ukuvela njengamachashaza, ukushintsha kombala, ukuba khona kwe-mycelium, noma izindawo ezibunile. Ukuvimbela kuhilela ukugcina utshani bondlekile kahle, bungena umoya futhi bungenamanzi, kanye nokugwema ukuchelela ngokweqile nokuwusika uphansi kakhulu.
Uma uthola ukuhlasela kwesikhunta, sebenzisa ama-fungicides afanelekile bese ukhetha uhlobo olufanele kakhulu inkinga. Izinambuzane ezithwala umhlabathi, njengezimpukane ezimhlophe, izimpukane, kanye ne-black grouse, zibangela izindawo ezomile nezibuthakathaka. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile ziyatholakala ukuze kuliwe nazo, futhi ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile ukuze uphendule ngokushesha.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusimama endaweni yotshani
Utshani obuzinzile bunomthelela ekulinganiseni kwemvelo futhi bungenza ngcono ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwendawo. Izindlela zesimanje zokugunda (njengamarobhothi okugunda utshani) zingathuthukisa, uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo nezilwane ngokuvimbela ukusika ngokweqile nokwenza kube lula indawo yokukhosela yezinambuzane ezinenzuzo. Ukugcina izindawo ezithile zotshani zizinde kancane noma izinhlobo zokutshala zivumelane nemvelo kusiza ukunciphisa isidingo sokufakwa kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
Ezindaweni ezinemvula ephezulu, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukubukeka kwe-moss futhi ulungise imizamo yokugunda, ukuchelela, kanye nokwesabisa, njalo uqinisekise ukungenelela okuncane kwamakhemikhali kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla neziphilayo. Ukugcina utshani bakho bungenawo amaqabunga, imfucumfucu, namagatsha kuqinisekisa impilo nokukhanga kwawo.
Ukunakekelwa kotshani ngokwesizini
- Isikhathi sasebusika nesibandayo: Yehlisa imvamisa yokugunda nokunisela. Gcina utshani bakho bube bude kancane ukuze umelane nesithwathwa futhi uvimbele ukulimala kwezimila. Uma kuneqhwa, ungalivumela lisebenze njenge-insulation. Gwema ukuhamba otshanini ngezinsuku zesithwathwa esinamandla.
- I-Primavera: Geza kaningi futhi uvundise ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula. I-aerate, ithulule, futhi iqondiswe uma kunesidingo. Lawula kabusha ukhula futhi ulungise ukuchelela ngokuvumelana nemvula.
- Ehlobo: Hlaba kaningi kodwa ezingeni eliphezulu, bese nimanzisa kakhulu nangesikhathi esibanzi. Gada izifo nezinambuzane. Uma kunesomiso, beka phambili ukuchelela okujulile futhi unganciphisi kakhulu.
- Ikwindla: Lungiselela utshani bakho emakhazeni: vundisa ngemikhiqizo ethile, susa imfucumfucu namaqabunga, futhi ubeke umoya futhi unciphise uma ungakwenzanga lokho entwasahlobo.
Amathiphu Engeziwe Otshani Oluhlala Isikhathi Eside
- Gwema isiminyaminya otshanini obumanzi noma obuneqhwa ukuze lingabumbani noma lonakale.
- Hlanza njalo ebusweni bamaqabunga, amagatsha kanye nezinye izibi ukuvimbela izifo.
- Hlola izinto zokugunda futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izindwani zihlala zibukhali ukuze usike ahlanzekile.
- Qaphela izinguquko zombala nokuthungwa: Ziyinkomba engcono kakhulu yempilo yotshani futhi zivumela ukutholwa kwezinkinga kusenesikhathi.
Ukugcina utshani obunempilo, ngisho notshani budinga ukuzinikela kanye nenhlanganisela yemisebenzi esatshalaliswa unyaka wonke. Ukuvumelanisa ngamunye wale misebenzi ukuze uvumelane nesimo sezulu sendawo, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, nokusetshenziswa kwengadi kukhulisa imiphumela. Ngokulandela lezi zincomo nokuqapha njalo isimo sotshani bakho, uzojabulela utshani obuluhlaza, obuqinile, nobubukeka kahle isikhathi eside esizayo, okuwumthombo wokuziqhenya ngekhaya lakho nendawo ephelele yokuphumula nokuzijabulisa komndeni.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe nezinsiza eziwusizo:
- Indlela yokulungisa utshani owonakele
- Indlela yokususa utshani otshanini bakho
- Utshani obuzinzile
